inhibitors of protein synthesis

Question 1

tetracyclines (doxy, minocy, tetra) are ___________________

Answer 1

inhibitors of protein synthesis

Question 2

tetracyclines bind to ____ of bacterial ribosome and blocks tRNA from entering the acceptor site on the _____. It is _____

Answer 2

30S subunit
ribosome
reversible

Question 3

tetracyclines have a high affinity to _______, binds to calcium, iron, mg. This happens before it binds to the ribosome

Answer 3

cations

Question 4

tetracycline is able to bind to our 80S ribosomes. May inhibit _____

Answer 4

growth

Question 5

tetracyclines diffuse through the porin channels of _________ and are lipophilic so can diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane into _________

Answer 5

gram negative
gram positive
(broad spectrum)

Question 6

tetracyclines inhibit proteases, making it ________

Answer 6

antiinflammatory

Question 7

3 components of resistance:

1. ______ export it
2. Ribosomal production of proteins that interfere with tetra binding
3. Enzymatic ______ of tetra

Answer 7

efflux pumps

inactivation

Question 8

patient should ______ dairy products, food, and antacids

Answer 8

avoid

Question 9

tetracyclines are eliminated in the ______ and excreted in the ______ and _____ at high concentrations in a _____ form

Answer 9

bile

urine and feces

Question 10

________ is good against atypical bacteria, like ______ and _______ (obligate intracellular bacteria and mycoplasma), and _____ (H. pylori, B. burgdoferi)

Answer 10

tetracycline
chlamydia
rickettsia
spirochetes

Question 11

tetracyclines cross the placenta and enter the _______

Answer 11

breast milk

Question 12

you might use tetracycline for ______, ______, _________, UTIs, lyme disease, mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 12

acne
rosacea
chlamydial infections

Question 13

______ side effects include ______ of teeth in young children, photosensitivity, _______, suppression of vaginal lactobacillus, which can cause _____

Answer 13

brown staining
diarrhea
vaginitis

Question 14

macrolides affect protein synthesis at the ______ level. Same resistance issues as tetra.

Answer 14

ribosomes

Question 15

macrolides are good at targeting _______ pathogens

Answer 15

intracellular

Question 16

erythromycin is not often used, but for ______

Answer 16

pertussis

Question 17

azithrymycin is great against ________ (chlamydial infections, atypical infections)

Answer 17

atypical

Question 18

________ is an alternative to penicillin

Answer 18

azithromycin

Question 19

azithromycin does not inhibit _________ like all the other macrolides. It also has a really long ____ ____

Answer 19

cytochrome P450 enzymes

long half life

Question 20

because azithromycin does not inhibit P450, it does not have _____ ______

Answer 20

drug interactions

Question 21

the worst side effect of the macrolides is the ________ of the ____ interval, but ______ is the least worrisome

Answer 21

prolongation

QT interval

Question 22

the prolonged QT interval can cause severe _______

Answer 22

arrthymias

Question 23

Azithromycin 250 mg #6
2 tab PO x 1
then 1 tab PO daily x 4 days

Answer 23

prescription example

Question 24

most common side effect of azithromycin is ______

Answer 24

GI disturbance, so take with food!

Question 25

clindamycin is a ________. Also binds to 50S ribosome to suppress _____ ____

Answer 25

lincosamine

protein synthesis

Question 26

mutation of the ribosomal receptor side, modification of the receptor, and enzymatic inactivation of clindamycin are all _______

Answer 26

forms of resistance

Question 27

clindamycin is not a substrate for ________ efflux pumps, so strains resistant to macrolides are susceptible to clindamycin

Answer 27

macrolide

Question 28

clindamycin is good against _______ anaerobes, S. progenies, and _________

Answer 28

plasmodium

Question 29

________ is good alternative to penicillin and azirthromycin

Answer 29

clindamycin

Question 30

clindamycin is notorious for causing ________

Answer 30

CDAD (clostridium difficile associated diarrhea)

Question 31

amino glycosides are polar, so GI absorption is _______. Outside of topical applications, these won’t often be prescibred

Answer 31

poor

Question 32

aminoglycosides bind ________ to the 30S ribosomal subunit

Answer 32

irreversibly! so bacteriocidal

Question 33

______ takes care of aerobic gram negatives . Often paired with ______, which is excellent at gram positives

Answer 33

aminoglycosides

vancomycin

Question 34

problem with amino glycosides is they are very _________ and _______

Answer 34

nephrotoxic

ototoxicity

Question 35

toxicity of _______ will cause deafness

Answer 35

aminoglycosides (gentamycin)

Question 36

chloramphenicol is _______ used because of its toxicity.

Answer 36

rarely

Question 37

borrelia burgdoferi and H. Pylori are ______, so _________ would be a good drug for them

Answer 37

spirochetes

tetracyclines

Question 38

macrolides inhibit _____ ______

Answer 38

protein synthesis