V. Emergency Procedures

Question 1

What procedures should be followed for a PARTIAL loss of power in flight?

Answer 1

*Fly the Airplane!
A - Airspeed, maintain your speed or best glide if unable
B - Best field, and remain within gliding distance.
C - Checklist (Is there fuel? Switch tanks? Mixture control? Check magnetos?)
D - Declare an emergency (7700)
E - Execute landing (off airport if necessary) and prepare Evacuation.

Question 2

What procedures should be followed for a loss of power during the takeoff run?

Answer 2

a. Retard throttle to idle
b. Apply wheel brakes
c. Retract flaps, back pressure to put weight on main gears
d. Mixture - Idle Cutoff
e. Ignition - OFF
f. Master - OFF

Question 3

If an engine failure occurs while over water, and you are beyond gliding distance to land, what procedures should be followed?

Answer 3

1. Transmit mayday w/ location, 7700
2. Heavy objects - jettison
3. Check seatbelts
4. Flaps 20
5. Establish 300fpm descent 55kts
6. Land parallel heavy swells in light winds, or into the wind during high winds.
7. Unlatch cabin doors before touchdown.
8. ELT activate, and evacuate through cabin doors.
9. Inflate floatation gear when clear of the airplane.

Question 4

What is detonation?

Answer 4

Uncontrolled, explosive ignition of the fuel/air mixture within the cylinder’s combustion chamber.
Characterized by high cylinder head temperatures, and most likely to occur at high power settings.

Question 5

What are some of the most common causes of detonation?

Answer 5

a. Using a lower fuel grade
b. Operating with high manifold pressure, and low RPM.
c. Excessively lean mixture
d. Extended climbs where cooling is reduced.

Question 6

What is preignition?

Answer 6

Fuel/Air mixture ignites prematurely e.g during compression stroke. Usually caused by a residual hot spot.

Question 7

During a cross country flight, you notice the oil pressure is low, but the temperature is normal. What is the problem, and what actions should you take?

Answer 7

Most likely insufficient oil, but could also be a clogged oil pressure relief valve, or faulty gauge.
Best action is to land at the nearest airport and terminate the flight.

Question 8

If a loss of oil pressure occurs accompanied by a rising oil temperature, what could be the problem?

Answer 8

Could be an oil leak, and engine failure is imminent.
Reduce throttle and find a place to land (off airport if necessary).

Question 9

What procedure should be followed if an engine fire develops on the ground during start?

Answer 9

a. If the engine starts…
- Increase power to a higher RPM for a few moments, then shut down.
b. If the engine does not start…
- Continue cranking. Full throttle, mixture idle cutoff
c. Fire continues…
- Master off, ignition off, fuel off.
- Grab fire extinguisher and evacuate.

Question 10

What procedure should be followed if an engine fire develops in flight?

Answer 10

a. Mixture - Idle Cutoff
b. Fuel Shutoff - PULL
c. Master - OFF
d. Cabin Heat/Air - OFF
e. Airspeed 100KIAS to extinguish flames
f. Forced landing

Question 11

What procedure should be followed for an electrical fire inside the aircraft?

Answer 11

a. STBY BATT and Master - OFF
b. Cabin Vents - CLOSED
c. Cabin Heat/Air - OFF
d. Fire extinguisher - ACTIVATE
e. Forced landing

Question 12

What procedure should be followed if a wing fire develops in flight?

Answer 12

a. NAV and Strobe lights - OFF
b. Pitot Heat - OFF
c. Sideslip (fire wing high) to keep flames away from fuel tank and cabin.
d. Land ASAP and expect no flaps

Question 13

Name the two main categories of aircraft icing.

Answer 13

Induction and Structural

Question 14

What are the three types of structural ice that may occur in flight.

Answer 14

Clear, Rime, Mixed
*Type depends on water content, droplet size and temperature.

Question 15

What is necessary for structural icing to occur?

Answer 15

a. Aircraft must be flying through visible moisture (Cloud, Rain, Snow)
b. Temperature must be 0°C or colder

Question 16

What action is recommended if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions?

Answer 16

a. Pitot Heat - ON
b. Turn back, or change altitude (lower warmer, or climbing above tops)
c. Cabin Heat and defroster outlets - ON and OPEN

Question 17

What are the classifications of icing intensities you would tell ATC if you were making a PIREP?

Answer 17

Trace - Perceptible
Light - Significant accumulation over 1 hr
Moderate - Significant accumulation in less than an hour
Severe - Rapid accumulation

Question 18

If icing has been encountered in a non-FIKI equipped plane, how would your landing approach procedure be different?

Answer 18

a. More power, and higher airspeed during the approach
b. Expect higher stall speed, and longer landing roll.
c. Recommend no flaps

Question 19

What type of precipitation will produce the most hazardous icing conditions?

Answer 19

Freezing Rain

Question 20

What are the three types of cabin decompression?

Answer 20

Explosive, Rapid, Gradual/slow

Question 21

What are the dangers of cabin decompression?

Answer 21

a. Hypoxia
b. Being tossed or blown out of the airplane at higher altitudes
c. Decompression sickness (the bends)
d. Exposure to extreme cold, and wind.

Question 22

What procedure should be followed in establishing an emergency descent?

Answer 22

• No recommended procedure in the POH
  a. Reduce power to idle and descend
  b. Airspeed - VNO 129
  c. Establish 30 to 40 degree bank.
  d. Clear the engine every revolution

Question 23

What instruments are affected when the pitot tube freezes?

Answer 23

a. Pitot tube blocked and drain hole remains clear: Airspeed goes to zero, altimeter and VSI read normal.

b. Pitot tube AND drain hole blocked: ASI acts as an altimeter (reads high in climb, and low in descent), Altimeter and VSI read normal.

Question 24

What instruments are affected when the static port freezes?

Answer 24

Airspeed Indicator: Accurate only at the altitude frozen. Descent - high. Climb - low.
Altimeter: Indicates altitude it was blocked
VSI - Level flight

Question 25

What action should a pilot take if the static port freezes?

Answer 25

Alternate Air (or break the face of VSI)

Question 26

When using alternate air, what indications should you expect?

Answer 26

Altimeter and Airspeed will indicate higher.
VSI will indicate a momentary climb.
Consult POH Section 5 (Performance)

Question 27

Describe a few methods for disconnecting a malfunctioning autopilot.

Answer 27

a. AP Disconnect button (on the panel)
b. Circuit breaker
c. Manual override

Question 28

What procedure should be followed in an asymmetrical flap emergency?

Answer 28

a. FLY THE AIRPLANE! Use aileron, rudder and power to keep the wings level.
b. if it happens on flap extension, retract the flaps. If it happens on flap retraction after takeoff, put them back in T/O position.

Question 29

When may a pilot test an ELT on an aircraft?

Answer 29

During the first 5 minutes of the hour, for up to 3 minutes or less.