UWorld Cardiology Flashcards
Sterile, non-destructive vegetations on heart valves found on autopsy in a patient with a previous hx of MI is most similar to what condition in its pathogenesis?
Trousseau Syndrome - migratory thrombophlebitis due to tumour-released procoagulants
What is pulsus paradoxus?
A drop in arterial BP of more than 10 mmHg on inspiration. It is usually found in
What clinical findings do you expect in cardiac tamponade?
Pulsus paradoxus, arterial hTN
What is beri-beri a deficiency of?
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Gram-positive cocci that are catalase negative and grow in hypertonic saline and bile and cause endocarditis are what bacteria and associated with what procedure?
Enterococcus, cystoscopy
Where is the GSV harvested for CABG procedures?
Just inferolateral to the pubic tubercle
What mechanism is responsible for the rapid decrease of cytosolic Ca right before relaxation of cardiac muscle cells?
Na/Ca exchange mechanism
What are the symptoms of and how do you use to treat a B-blocker overdose
Low cardiac output leading to hTN, bradycardia. Treat with glucagon, which increases cAMP (and consequently intracellular Ca) in cardiac myocytes
What physiological state results from a PE?
Respiratory alkalosis because of hyperventilation driven by hypoxemia - aka you blow off too much CO2
What is the best indicator of severity for MR?
Presence of an audible S3
What class of drug should you use to counteract the paradoxical increase in myocardial demand from using nitrates?
B-blockers, as it counteracts catecholamines released by the perceived hTN from vasodilation by nitrates
Which anti-arrhythmic drug has the highest selectivity for ischemic myocardium?
Lidocaine (amiodarone, if available)
What are the hallmarks of Turner Syndrome?
Short, thick neck, shortened fourth metacarpals, short stature, broad chest, and bicuspid aortic valve
What valvular abnormality is commonly associated with Turner Syndrome?
Bicuspid aortic valve (and coarctation of aorta, too)
What is the primary type of collagen in mature scars?
Type 1
An echo that shows an aorta lying anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery is diagnostic of what condition?
TGA
TGA results from the failure of what embryological process?
Septation
A double blind study is to prevent what kind of bias?
Observer bias
What process most likely preceded a heavily calcified aortic valve with no significant PMH?
Cellular necrosis leading to dystrophic calcification in normocalcemic conditions!
What effect does selective B1 selective antagonists like metoprolol have in the treatment of HTN?
Decrease cardiac output and block renin release from kidneys.
What condition does a patient with recurrent severe nosebleeds and pink spider-like lesions on his oral and nasal mucosa, face, and arms?
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias)
What is the major limiting factor for coronary blood flow during strenuous exercise?
Duration of diastole b/c most of coronary blood flow happens during diastole.
Repetitive ischemia of cardiac myocytes or persistent hypoperfusion can result in what chronic but reversible condition and how can it be reversed?
Hibernating myocardium, reversed by reperfusion of the area
What part of the heart is closest to the left sternal border at the 4th intercostal space?
RV
