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USMLE > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cimetidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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2
Q

Ranitidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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3
Q

Famotidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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4
Q

Nizatidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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5
Q

Cimetidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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6
Q

Ranitidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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7
Q

Famotidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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8
Q

Ranitidine - side fx

A

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine

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9
Q

Cimetidine - side fx (4)

A

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine
Inhibits CYP-450
Antiandrogenic effects
Cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headache) and placenta\

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10
Q

PPI - prazoles - mech

A

Irreversibly blocks the H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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11
Q

PPI - prazoles - use (4)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Esophageal reflux
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

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12
Q

PPI - prazoles - side fx

A

Increased risk of C. Diff infection & pneumonia

Decrease serum Mg long term

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13
Q

Bismuth - mech

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer

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14
Q

Bismuth - use (2)

A

Ulcer healing

Traveler’s diarrhea

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15
Q

Sucralfate - mech

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer

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16
Q

Sucralfate - use (2)

A

Ulcer healing

Traveler’s diarrhea

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17
Q

Misoprostol - mech (3)

A

PGE1 analog,
Increases production and secretion of the gastric mucous barrier
Decreases acid production

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18
Q

Misoprostol - use (3)

A

Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAID blocks PGE1)
Maintenance of PDA
Off label for labor induction

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19
Q

Misoprostol - side fx (2)

A

Diarrhea

Contraindicated in childbearing women

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20
Q

Octreotide - mech

A

Somatostatin analogue, long acting

Inhibits action of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones

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21
Q

Octreotide - use (4)

A

Acromegaly
Carcinoid syndrome
VIPoma
Esophageal variceal bleeding

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22
Q

Octreotide - side fx (3)

A

Nausea
Cramps
Steatorhhea

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23
Q

Sulfasalazine - use (2)

A

Ulcerative colitis

Crohn’s Disease (colitis component)

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24
Q

Sulfasalazine - mech (2)

A

Combination of sulfapyridine (antibiotic) and 5-ASA (anti-inflammatory)
Activated by colonic bacteria

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25
Q

Sulfasalazine - side fx (4)

A

Malaise
Nausea
Sulfonamide toxicity
Reversible oligospermia

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26
Q

Ondansetron - mech (3)

A

5-HT3 antagonist
Decrease vagal stimulation
Powerful central acting anti-emetic

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27
Q

Ondansetron - clinical use

A

Control vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemo

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28
Q

Ondansetron - side fx (3)

A

Headache
Constipation
QT interval prolongation

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29
Q

Metoclopramide - mech (3)

A

D2 receptor antagonist
Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility
Does not influence colon transport time

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30
Q

Metoclopramide - use (2)

A

Diabetic and postsurgery gastroparesis

Antiemetic

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31
Q

Metoclopramide - side fx

A

Parkinsonian effects & tardive dyskinesia
Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea
Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents
Don’t use in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease

32
Q

Orlistat - mech

A

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to decrease breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

33
Q

Orlistat - use

A

Weight loss

34
Q

Orlistat - side fx

A

Steatorrhea

Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

35
Q

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine - use (3)

36
Q

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine - mech

37
Q

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine

A

Ranitidine - side fx

38
Q

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine
Inhibits CYP-450
Antiandrogenic effects
Cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headache) and placenta\

A

Cimetidine - side fx (4)

39
Q

Irreversibly blocks the H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

A

PPI - prazoles - mech

40
Q

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Esophageal reflux
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

A

PPI - prazoles - use (4)

41
Q

Increased risk of C. Diff infection & pneumonia

Decrease serum Mg long term

A

PPI - prazoles - side fx

42
Q

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer

A

Bismuth, Sucralfate - mech

43
Q

Ulcer healing, Traveler’s diarrhea

A

Bismuth, Sucralfate - use (2)

44
Q

PGE1 analog,
Increases production and secretion of the gastric mucous barrier
Decreases acid production

A

Misoprostol - mech (3)

45
Q

Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAID blocks PGE1)
Maintenance of PDAOff label for labor induction

A

Misoprostol - use (3)

46
Q

Diarrhea

Contraindicated in childbearing women

A

Misoprostol - side fx (2)

47
Q

Somatostatin analogue, long acting

Inhibits action of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones

A

Octreotide - mech

48
Q

Acromegaly
Carcinoid syndrome
VIPoma
Esophageal variceal bleeding

A

Octreotide - use (4)

49
Q

Nausea
Cramps
Steatorhhea

A

Octreotide - side fx (3)

50
Q

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s Disease (colitis component)

A

Sulfasalazine - use (2)

51
Q

Combination of sulfapyridine (antibiotic) and 5-ASA (anti-inflammatory)
Activated by colonic bacteria

A

Sulfasalazine - mech (2)

52
Q

Malaise,
Nausea,
Sulfonamide toxicity,
Reversible oligospermia

A

Sulfasalazine - side fx (4)

53
Q

5-HT3 antagonist, Decrease vagal stimulation, Powerful central acting anti-emetic

A

Ondansetron - mech (3)

54
Q

Control vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemo

A

Ondansetron - clinical use

55
Q

Headache
Constipation
QT interval prolongation

A

Ondansetron - side fx (3)

56
Q

D2 receptor antagonist
Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility
Does not influence colon transport time

A

Metoclopramide - mech (3)

57
Q

Diabetic and postsurgery gastroparesis

Antiemetic

A

Metoclopramide - use (2)

58
Q

Parkinsonian effects & tardive dyskinesia
Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea
Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents
Don’t use in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease

A

Metoclopramide - side fx

59
Q

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to decrease breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

A

Orlistat - mech

60
Q

Weight loss

A

Orlistat - use

61
Q

Steatorrhea

Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

A

Orlistat - side fx

62
Q

Magnesium hydroxide - mech

A

Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen

63
Q

Magnesium hydroxide - use

A

Constipation

64
Q

Magnesium hydroxide - side fx (3)

A

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abused by bulimics

65
Q

Magnesium citrate - mech

A

Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen

66
Q

Magnesium citrate - use

A

Constipation

67
Q

Magnesium citrate - side fx

A

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abused by bulimics

68
Q

PEG - mech

A

Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen

69
Q

PEG - use

A

Constipation

70
Q

PEG - side fx

A

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abused by bulimics

71
Q

Lactulose - mech

A

Osmotic laxative - osmotic load to draw water out of GI lumen

72
Q

Lactulose - use

A

Constipation

Treat hepatic encephelopathy

73
Q

Lactulose - side fx

A

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abused by bulimics

74
Q

Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen

A

MgOH
Mg Citrate
PEG
Lactulose

75
Q

Constipation

A

MgOH
Mg Citrate
PEG

76
Q

Constipation

Hepatic encephelopathy

A

Lactulose

77
Q

Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abuse by bulimics

A

Osmotic laxatives - MgOH, Mg Citrate, PEG, Lactulose

USMLE (23 decks)

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