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USMLE > Cardiac Drugs Reverse > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

Acute severe HTN, HF, safe for pregnancy. Given with B-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia.

A

Hydralazine - use? 2+2

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2
Q

Acute ventricular arrhythmias (ESP POST MI)Digitalis-induced arrhythmias

A

Lidocaine & Mexiletine - use? (2)

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3
Q

AFib/Flutter

A

Ibutilide & Dofetilide - use

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4
Q

AFib/FlutterVT

A

Amiodarone & Sotalol - use

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5
Q

Angina, acute coronary synddrome, pulmonary edema

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - use? (3)

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6
Q

Atrial arrhythmiasVentricular arrhythmiasRe-entrant and ectopic SVT/VTs

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide - use? (3)

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7
Q

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in heartDecrease conduction velocityIncrease ERPIncrease PR interval

A

Diltiazem/verapamil - mech? (4)

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8
Q

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in vascular smooth muscle

A

Nimodipine, Clevidipine, Nifedipine - mech?

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9
Q

Cardiac depressionAV block Peripheral edema, FlushingDizzinessConstipationGingival hyperplasia

A

Diltiazem - side fx? (7)

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10
Q

Cholinergic - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision, arrhythmias, AV block
Hyperkalemia

A

Digoxin - side fx

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11
Q

Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus)
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval

A

Quinidine - side fx? (3)

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12
Q

Class IA antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker)
Increase AP duration
Increase ERP in ventricular AP
Increase QT interval

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide - mech

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13
Q

Class IB antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker)
Decrease AP duration
Prefers affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue

A

Lidocaine, Mexiletine - mech? (2)

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14
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmics
Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP, Ca currents.
Decreases slope of phase 4
AV node is particularly sensitive - increases PR interval

A

B-blockers (-olol) - mech (4)

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15
Q

Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker
Increases AP durationIncreases ERP
Increases QT interval

A

Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol - mech? (4)

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16
Q 
Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker
Increases AP duration
Increases ERP
Increases QT interval
Has Class I - 4 effects
A

Amiodarone - mech? (5)

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17
Q

CN toxicity

A

Nitroprusside - side fx?

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18
Q

CNS stimulation/depression

CV depression

A

Lidocaine, Mexiletine - side fx? (2)

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19
Q

Decrease LDL

A

Ezetimibe - use

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20
Q

Decrease LDL greatly
Increase HDL
Decrease TG

A

Statins - use (3)

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21
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL (best)
Decrease TG

A

Niacin (Vit B3) - use?

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22
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL slightly
Increase TG slightly

A

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - use (3)

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23
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL
Decrease TG greatly

A

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - use?

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24
Q

Diagnosing and abolishing SVT

A

Adenosine - use

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25
Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase to indirectly inhibit the Na/Ca exchanger leading to increase in IC Ca = positive inotropy Stimulates vagus nerve to decrease HR
Digoxin - mech?
26
Dopamine D1 receptor agonist - coronary, peripheral, renal, and splanchnic vasodilation. Decreases BP and increases natriuresis.
Fenoldopam - mechanism?
27
Dyslipidemia
Metoprolol - side fx?
28
Exacerbate vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina
Propanolol - side fx?
29
``` Flushing hTN Chest pain Sense of impending doom Bronchospasm ```
Adenosine - side fx
30
GI upset | Decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - side fx? (2)
31
Heart failure Thrombocytopenia Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
Disopyramide - side fx? (3)
32
Hepatotoxicity (LFTs) | Myopathy (esp w/ fibrates & niacin)
Statins - side fx? (2)
33
HF (increase contractility)AFib (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA node)
Digoxin - use? (2)
34
HTN Angina AFib/flutter rate control Prevention of nodal arrhythmias
Diltiazem/verapamil - use? (4)
35
``` HYPERPROLACTINEMIA Cardiac depression AV block Peripheral edema, Flushing Dizziness Constipation Gingival hyperplasia ```
Verapamil - side fx? (8)
36
Hypertensive emergency (5)
Nitroprusside, Fenoldopam, Clevidipine, Labetalol, Nicardipine - use? (1)
37
``` Impotence Exacerbation of COPD and asthma CV fx (bradycardia, AV block, HF) CNS fx (sedation) Mask hypoglycemia ```
B-blockers (-olol) - side fx? (5)
38
Increases cGMP --> smooth muscle relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction
Hydralazine - mechanism?
39
Inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, decrease mortality in CAD patients
Statins - mech?
40
Inhibits lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissueReduces hepatic VLDL synthesis
Niacin - mech? (2)
41
Myopathy (increased risk with statins)Cholesterol gallstones
Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - side fx
42
None
Dofetilide - side fx
43
Prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
Ezetimibe - mech
44
Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver uses cholesterol to make more
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - mech
45
Proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (contraindicated)
Flecainide, Propafenone - side fx?
46
``` Pulmonary fibrosis Hepatotoxicity Hypo/hyperthyroidism Neurologic fx Constipation CV effects (bradycardia, heart block, HF) Check PFTs, LFTs, and TFTs ```
Amiodarone - side fx (7)
47
Rare increase in LFTs | Diarrhea
Ezetimibe - side fx? (2)
48
Red flushed face (fix with NSAIDs/long term use) Hyperglycemia Hyperuricemia
Niacin (Vit B3) - side fx?
49
Reflex tachycardia (tx with B-blockers) Flushing Headache "Monday disease"
Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - side fx? (4)
50
Reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, headache, angina, lupus-like syndrome
Hydralazine - toxicity? (5)
51
Reversible SLE-like syndrome Thrombocytopenia Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
Procainamide - side fx? (3)
52
Saline Atropine Glucagon
B-blockers (-olol) - antidote? (3)
53
Shifts K out of cells to hyperpolarize and decrease Ca Very short acting Effects blunted by theophylline and caffeine
Adenosine - mech & considerations (2)
54
Short acting, increase cGMP via direct release of NO
Nitroprusside - mechanism?
55
Significantly prolongs ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts No effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue Minimal effect on AP duration
Flecainide, Propafenone - mech? (3)
56
Slowly normalize K+Cardiac pacer Anti-digoxin Fab fragments Mg2+
Digoxin - antidote (4)
57
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nimodipine - use? (1)
58
SVTs, including AFibLast resort in refractory VT
Flecainide, Propafenone - use? (2)
59
SVT | Ventricular rate control for AFib/flutter
B-blockers (-olol) - use (2)
60
Torsades de pointes
Ibutilide - side fx
61
Torsades de pointes | Digoxin toxicity
Mg2+ - use (2)
62
Torsades de pointes | Excessive B blockade
Sotalol - side fx
63
Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance | Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis
Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - mech
64
Vasodilate by increasing NO in vasc smooth muscle - increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Veins more than arteries to decrease preload.
Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - mech?

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