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USMLE > Cardiac Drugs Reverse > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Reverse Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acute severe HTN, HF, safe for pregnancy. Given with B-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia.

A

Hydralazine - use? 2+2

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2
Q

Acute ventricular arrhythmias (ESP POST MI)Digitalis-induced arrhythmias

A

Lidocaine & Mexiletine - use? (2)

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3
Q

AFib/Flutter

A

Ibutilide & Dofetilide - use

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4
Q

AFib/FlutterVT

A

Amiodarone & Sotalol - use

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5
Q

Angina, acute coronary synddrome, pulmonary edema

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - use? (3)

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6
Q

Atrial arrhythmiasVentricular arrhythmiasRe-entrant and ectopic SVT/VTs

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide - use? (3)

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7
Q

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in heartDecrease conduction velocityIncrease ERPIncrease PR interval

A

Diltiazem/verapamil - mech? (4)

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8
Q

Block voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle –> decrease muscle contractility in vascular smooth muscle

A

Nimodipine, Clevidipine, Nifedipine - mech?

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9
Q

Cardiac depressionAV block Peripheral edema, FlushingDizzinessConstipationGingival hyperplasia

A

Diltiazem - side fx? (7)

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10
Q

Cholinergic - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision, arrhythmias, AV block
Hyperkalemia

A

Digoxin - side fx

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11
Q

Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus)
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval

A

Quinidine - side fx? (3)

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12
Q

Class IA antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker)
Increase AP duration
Increase ERP in ventricular AP
Increase QT interval

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide - mech

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13
Q

Class IB antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker)
Decrease AP duration
Prefers affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue

A

Lidocaine, Mexiletine - mech? (2)

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14
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmics
Decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP, Ca currents.
Decreases slope of phase 4
AV node is particularly sensitive - increases PR interval

A

B-blockers (-olol) - mech (4)

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15
Q

Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker
Increases AP durationIncreases ERP
Increases QT interval

A

Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol - mech? (4)

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16
Q 
Class III Antiarrhythmic - K channel blocker
Increases AP duration
Increases ERP
Increases QT interval
Has Class I - 4 effects
A

Amiodarone - mech? (5)

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17
Q

CN toxicity

A

Nitroprusside - side fx?

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18
Q

CNS stimulation/depression

CV depression

A

Lidocaine, Mexiletine - side fx? (2)

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19
Q

Decrease LDL

A

Ezetimibe - use

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20
Q

Decrease LDL greatly
Increase HDL
Decrease TG

A

Statins - use (3)

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21
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL (best)
Decrease TG

A

Niacin (Vit B3) - use?

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22
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL slightly
Increase TG slightly

A

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - use (3)

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23
Q

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL
Decrease TG greatly

A

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - use?

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24
Q

Diagnosing and abolishing SVT

A

Adenosine - use

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25
Q

Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase to indirectly inhibit the Na/Ca exchanger leading to increase in IC Ca = positive inotropy
Stimulates vagus nerve to decrease HR

A

Digoxin - mech?

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26
Q

Dopamine D1 receptor agonist - coronary, peripheral, renal, and splanchnic vasodilation. Decreases BP and increases natriuresis.

A

Fenoldopam - mechanism?

27
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Metoprolol - side fx?

28
Q

Exacerbate vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina

A

Propanolol - side fx?

29
Q 
Flushing
hTN
Chest pain
Sense of impending doom
Bronchospasm
A

Adenosine - side fx

30
Q

GI upset

Decreased absorption of other drugs and fat soluble vitamins

A

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - side fx? (2)

31
Q

Heart failure
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval

A

Disopyramide - side fx? (3)

32
Q

Hepatotoxicity (LFTs)

Myopathy (esp w/ fibrates & niacin)

A

Statins - side fx? (2)

33
Q

HF (increase contractility)AFib (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA node)

A

Digoxin - use? (2)

34
Q

HTN
Angina
AFib/flutter rate control
Prevention of nodal arrhythmias

A

Diltiazem/verapamil - use? (4)

35
Q 
HYPERPROLACTINEMIA
Cardiac depression
AV block 
Peripheral edema, 
Flushing
Dizziness
Constipation
Gingival hyperplasia
A

Verapamil - side fx? (8)

36
Q

Hypertensive emergency (5)

A

Nitroprusside, Fenoldopam, Clevidipine, Labetalol, Nicardipine - use? (1)

37
Q 
Impotence
Exacerbation of COPD and asthma
CV fx (bradycardia, AV block, HF)
CNS fx (sedation)
Mask hypoglycemia
A

B-blockers (-olol) - side fx? (5)

38
Q

Increases cGMP –> smooth muscle relaxation. Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction

A

Hydralazine - mechanism?

39
Q

Inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, decrease mortality in CAD patients

A

Statins - mech?

40
Q

Inhibits lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissueReduces hepatic VLDL synthesis

A

Niacin - mech? (2)

41
Q

Myopathy (increased risk with statins)Cholesterol gallstones

A

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - side fx

42
Q

None

A

Dofetilide - side fx

43
Q

Prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

A

Ezetimibe - mech

44
Q

Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver uses cholesterol to make more

A

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam - mech

45
Q

Proarrhythmic, especially post-MI (contraindicated)

A

Flecainide, Propafenone - side fx?

46
Q 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Hepatotoxicity
Hypo/hyperthyroidism
Neurologic fx
Constipation
CV effects (bradycardia, heart block, HF)
Check PFTs, LFTs, and TFTs
A

Amiodarone - side fx (7)

47
Q

Rare increase in LFTs

Diarrhea

A

Ezetimibe - side fx? (2)

48
Q

Red flushed face (fix with NSAIDs/long term use)
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia

A

Niacin (Vit B3) - side fx?

49
Q

Reflex tachycardia (tx with B-blockers)
Flushing
Headache
“Monday disease”

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - side fx? (4)

50
Q

Reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, headache, angina, lupus-like syndrome

A

Hydralazine - toxicity? (5)

51
Q

Reversible SLE-like syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval

A

Procainamide - side fx? (3)

52
Q

Saline
Atropine
Glucagon

A

B-blockers (-olol) - antidote? (3)

53
Q

Shifts K out of cells to hyperpolarize and decrease Ca
Very short acting
Effects blunted by theophylline and caffeine

A

Adenosine - mech & considerations (2)

54
Q

Short acting, increase cGMP via direct release of NO

A

Nitroprusside - mechanism?

55
Q

Significantly prolongs ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts
No effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue
Minimal effect on AP duration

A

Flecainide, Propafenone - mech? (3)

56
Q

Slowly normalize K+Cardiac pacer
Anti-digoxin Fab fragments
Mg2+

A

Digoxin - antidote (4)

57
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Nimodipine - use? (1)

58
Q

SVTs, including AFibLast resort in refractory VT

A

Flecainide, Propafenone - use? (2)

59
Q

SVT

Ventricular rate control for AFib/flutter

A

B-blockers (-olol) - use (2)

60
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

Ibutilide - side fx

61
Q

Torsades de pointes

Digoxin toxicity

A

Mg2+ - use (2)

62
Q

Torsades de pointes

Excessive B blockade

A

Sotalol - side fx

63
Q

Upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance

Activates PPAR-a to induce HDL synthesis

A

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Fenofibrate - mech

64
Q

Vasodilate by increasing NO in vasc smooth muscle - increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation. Veins more than arteries to decrease preload.

A

Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate - mech?

USMLE (23 decks)

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