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USMLE > USMLE Bacteria > Flashcards

USMLE Bacteria Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Glycocalyx - use?

A

Adherence onto foreign surfaces, loosely organized polysaccharides

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2
Q

Microbes that don’t stain well?

A 
Treponema (too thin)
Mycobacteria (high lipid content in cell wall)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella (IC)
Rickettsia (IC)
Chlamydia (IC)
"These Microbes May Lack Real Colour"
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3
Q

Giemsa stain

A 
Chlamydia (certain)
Borrelia (bugs)
Rickettsia (really)
Trypanosomes (try my)
Plasmodium (patience)
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4
Q

Obligate intracellular microbes

A

Really CHilly and COld
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella

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5
Q

Facultative intracellular microbes

A

FRANCIS “NEISS”LY invited LISTER to the LEGION in YERSINIA for MY SALMON and BRUCELL sprouts

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia

Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY

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6
Q

Urease-positive organisms

A

yoUR SAPpy PRO boNO KLEB is an EPIc HPoCRYPT.

Cryptococcus
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
Saprophyticus
S. Epidermis

CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS

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7
Q

Encapsulated organisms

A

SHiNE SKiS

Strep Pneumo
Haemophilus Influenza B
Neisseria
E. Coli

Salmonella
Klebsiella (i)
Strep (Group B)

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8
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

Cat positively said “NO, PSEUDOwoodo, ASPER CANDIDlE LISTed a SERRATed STAPH

Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Aspergillus
Candida
E Coli
Listeria
Serratia
Staph
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9
Q

High neutrophil content with intracellular organisms. Microbe?

A

N. gonorrhea

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10
Q

If everyone was vaccinated with recombinant HbsAg, what disease would be eliminated?

A

Delta agent infection

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11
Q

What diseases are caused by Staph A exotoxin?

A

Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Gastroenteritis

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12
Q

Febrile maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads to the trunk and extremities with postauricular LAD points towards?

A

Rubella, caused by togavirus

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13
Q

What do you use to treat a C Diff infection?

A

Oral metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin

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14
Q

What do you use to prophylax vs C Diff?

A

Fidaxomicin

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15
Q

What do you use to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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16
Q

Person returns from trip with many white spots on tanned skin…dx and pathologic agent?

A

Pityriasis versicolor from malassezia furfur

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17
Q

What predisposes a person to a cholera infection?

A

Achlorhydria (from, for e.g., omeprazole tx, b/c cholera is acid sensitive)

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18
Q

What does H.Flu need to grow in media?

A

Chocolate agar with NAD (V) and X (hematin)

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19
Q

Hx of viral esophagitis and pneumocystis pneumonia = ?

A

HIV

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20
Q

CNS infection in HIV patient is most likely caused by?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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21
Q

How do you dx a cryptococcus neoformans brain infection?

A

Positive latex agglutination of CSF

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22
Q

Headache, retro-orbital pain, high-grade fever, joint and muscle pains w/ epistaxis. Dx?

A

Dengue fever

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23
Q

What has a similar transmission to dengue fever?

A

Chikungunya fever

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24
Q

Spherules that contain endospores with fever, mild tachy, lung auscultation. Dx and region?

A

C. immitis in Arizona

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25
Q

The presence of ____ would prevent death from Diptheria infection?

A

IgG against circulating proteins

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26
Q

What virus replicates by generating several functional viral proteins from a single, large, virally coded precursor polypeptide?

A

Echovirus

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27
Q

What part of a RNA virus determines its ability to infect humans?

A

Surface glycoprotein

28
Q

What is the main source of rabies in the USA?

A

Bats

29
Q

Restlessness, agitation, dysphagia progressing to coma within weeks of exploring a bat cave = suspect?

A

Rabies

30
Q

What kind of vaccine is used for rabies?

A

Various inactivated rhabdovirus strains

31
Q

Where is the primary bodily site for cryptococcus neoformans and where is it found?

A

Lungs; soil & pigeon droppings

32
Q

Gram positive rod with tumbling motility at room temperature. Microbe?

A

Listeria

33
Q

Infection with what microbe results in the formation of cold agglutinins?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

EBV, too

34
Q

What is the major virulence factor for S. pneumo?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

35
Q

Ab against Polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) protects against what microbe?

A

H. influenzae type B

36
Q

What prevents infection with oral inoculation with C. diff?

A

Intestinal biomass prevents overgrowth of C Diff.

37
Q

What diseases do you think of from the Northeast USA?

A

Babesiosis, Lyme disease, both by Ixodes tick

38
Q

Immunosuppressed patient with fever, chills, multiple skin patches with ulcerated appearance, and occasional necrotic center. Dx and microbe?

A

Ecthyma gangrenosum, pseudomonas

39
Q

What is the essential pathogenic mechanism for Shigella?

A

Mucosal invasion (NOT SHIGA TOXIN)

40
Q

What do you use to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV?

A

Viral enzyme inhibitor drug (zidovudine, (ZDV, AZT))

41
Q

What is the cause of positive monospot with heterophile antibody-negative mononucleosis-like syndrome?

A

CMV

42
Q

Sputum cultures grow budding yeast that form germ tubes at 37C. Dx?

A

Candida albicans

43
Q

What might you see after impetigo infection?

A

Glomerulonephritis (more common than rheumatic fever!)

44
Q

What kind of vaccine is the vaccine for rubella?

A

In the MMR, live attenuated vaccine

45
Q

What viruses are capable of genetic shifts through reassortment?

A

Rotaviruses, orthomyxoviruses.

46
Q

What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

A

Enterovirus (fecal oral route transmission)

47
Q

Patient from central/South America presents with achalasia. Suspect?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

48
Q

Spherule filled with endospores - suspect?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

49
Q

How do you prophylax vs M. avium?

A

Azithromycin

50
Q

CD4 count > 50 prophylaxis?

A

TMP-SMX vs pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis

51
Q

CD4 count

A

Azithro/clarithromycin vs M. avium complex

52
Q

Prevention of postsurgical infxn due to S. aureus?

A

Cefazolin

53
Q

Exposure to meningococcal infection prophylaxis?

A

Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, rifampin

54
Q

Prophylaxis of strep pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever?

A

Benzathine penicillin G

55
Q

PYR+?

A

S. pyogenes

56
Q

Hippurate test +?

A

GBS (S. agalactiae)

57
Q

The only bacteria with a polypeptide capsule?

A

B. anthracis

58
Q

G+ that produces endotoxin?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

59
Q

All replication of DNA viruses are in the _____ except ____.

A

Nucleus, poxvirus

60
Q

All replication of RNA viruses are in the ______ except ______.

A

Cytoplasm, retrovirus, influenza

61
Q

Where does herpesvirus get its membrane?

A

Nuclear membrane

62
Q

Calf myalgias in surfers in tropics. Dx and source?

A

Leptospirosis, water w/ animal urine

63
Q

What is the natural reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Mouse

64
Q

Broad based ataxia, Charcot joints, + Romberg sign, stroke w/out HTN

A

3 syphilis

65
Q

Spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia. Dx?

A

Visceral leishmania

USMLE (23 decks)

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