USMLE Bacteria Flashcards
Glycocalyx - use?
Adherence onto foreign surfaces, loosely organized polysaccharides
Microbes that don’t stain well?
Treponema (too thin) Mycobacteria (high lipid content in cell wall) Mycoplasma (no cell wall) Legionella (IC) Rickettsia (IC) Chlamydia (IC) "These Microbes May Lack Real Colour"
Giemsa stain
Chlamydia (certain) Borrelia (bugs) Rickettsia (really) Trypanosomes (try my) Plasmodium (patience)
Obligate intracellular microbes
Really CHilly and COld
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella
Facultative intracellular microbes
FRANCIS “NEISS”LY invited LISTER to the LEGION in YERSINIA for MY SALMON and BRUCELL sprouts
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Urease-positive organisms
yoUR SAPpy PRO boNO KLEB is an EPIc HPoCRYPT.
Cryptococcus H. pylori Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Klebsiella Saprophyticus S. Epidermis
CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS
Encapsulated organisms
SHiNE SKiS
Strep Pneumo
Haemophilus Influenza B
Neisseria
E. Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella (i)
Strep (Group B)
Catalase positive organisms
Cat positively said “NO, PSEUDOwoodo, ASPER CANDIDlE LISTed a SERRATed STAPH
Nocardia Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida E Coli Listeria Serratia Staph
High neutrophil content with intracellular organisms. Microbe?
N. gonorrhea
If everyone was vaccinated with recombinant HbsAg, what disease would be eliminated?
Delta agent infection
What diseases are caused by Staph A exotoxin?
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Gastroenteritis
Febrile maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads to the trunk and extremities with postauricular LAD points towards?
Rubella, caused by togavirus
What do you use to treat a C Diff infection?
Oral metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin
What do you use to prophylax vs C Diff?
Fidaxomicin
What do you use to treat toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
Person returns from trip with many white spots on tanned skin…dx and pathologic agent?
Pityriasis versicolor from malassezia furfur
What predisposes a person to a cholera infection?
Achlorhydria (from, for e.g., omeprazole tx, b/c cholera is acid sensitive)
What does H.Flu need to grow in media?
Chocolate agar with NAD (V) and X (hematin)
Hx of viral esophagitis and pneumocystis pneumonia = ?
HIV
CNS infection in HIV patient is most likely caused by?
Cryptococcus neoformans
How do you dx a cryptococcus neoformans brain infection?
Positive latex agglutination of CSF
Headache, retro-orbital pain, high-grade fever, joint and muscle pains w/ epistaxis. Dx?
Dengue fever
What has a similar transmission to dengue fever?
Chikungunya fever
Spherules that contain endospores with fever, mild tachy, lung auscultation. Dx and region?
C. immitis in Arizona
The presence of ____ would prevent death from Diptheria infection?
IgG against circulating proteins
What virus replicates by generating several functional viral proteins from a single, large, virally coded precursor polypeptide?
Echovirus
What part of a RNA virus determines its ability to infect humans?
Surface glycoprotein
What is the main source of rabies in the USA?
Bats
Restlessness, agitation, dysphagia progressing to coma within weeks of exploring a bat cave = suspect?
Rabies
What kind of vaccine is used for rabies?
Various inactivated rhabdovirus strains
Where is the primary bodily site for cryptococcus neoformans and where is it found?
Lungs; soil & pigeon droppings
Gram positive rod with tumbling motility at room temperature. Microbe?
Listeria
Infection with what microbe results in the formation of cold agglutinins?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
EBV, too
What is the major virulence factor for S. pneumo?
Polysaccharide capsule
Ab against Polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) protects against what microbe?
H. influenzae type B
What prevents infection with oral inoculation with C. diff?
Intestinal biomass prevents overgrowth of C Diff.
What diseases do you think of from the Northeast USA?
Babesiosis, Lyme disease, both by Ixodes tick
Immunosuppressed patient with fever, chills, multiple skin patches with ulcerated appearance, and occasional necrotic center. Dx and microbe?
Ecthyma gangrenosum, pseudomonas
What is the essential pathogenic mechanism for Shigella?
Mucosal invasion (NOT SHIGA TOXIN)
What do you use to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV?
Viral enzyme inhibitor drug (zidovudine, (ZDV, AZT))
What is the cause of positive monospot with heterophile antibody-negative mononucleosis-like syndrome?
CMV
Sputum cultures grow budding yeast that form germ tubes at 37C. Dx?
Candida albicans
What might you see after impetigo infection?
Glomerulonephritis (more common than rheumatic fever!)
What kind of vaccine is the vaccine for rubella?
In the MMR, live attenuated vaccine
What viruses are capable of genetic shifts through reassortment?
Rotaviruses, orthomyxoviruses.
What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?
Enterovirus (fecal oral route transmission)
Patient from central/South America presents with achalasia. Suspect?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Spherule filled with endospores - suspect?
Coccidioidomycosis
How do you prophylax vs M. avium?
Azithromycin
CD4 count > 50 prophylaxis?
TMP-SMX vs pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis
CD4 count
Azithro/clarithromycin vs M. avium complex
Prevention of postsurgical infxn due to S. aureus?
Cefazolin
Exposure to meningococcal infection prophylaxis?
Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, rifampin
Prophylaxis of strep pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever?
Benzathine penicillin G
PYR+?
S. pyogenes
Hippurate test +?
GBS (S. agalactiae)
The only bacteria with a polypeptide capsule?
B. anthracis
G+ that produces endotoxin?
Listeria monocytogenes
All replication of DNA viruses are in the _____ except ____.
Nucleus, poxvirus
All replication of RNA viruses are in the ______ except ______.
Cytoplasm, retrovirus, influenza
Where does herpesvirus get its membrane?
Nuclear membrane
Calf myalgias in surfers in tropics. Dx and source?
Leptospirosis, water w/ animal urine
What is the natural reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi?
Mouse
Broad based ataxia, Charcot joints, + Romberg sign, stroke w/out HTN
3 syphilis
Spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia. Dx?
Visceral leishmania
