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USMLE > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Dipenhydramine - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 1st gen

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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 1st gen

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 1st gen

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4
Q

Loratidine - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 2nd gen

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5
Q

Fexofendaine - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 2nd gen

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6
Q

Desloratadine - mech

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptor, 2nd gen

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7
Q

Dipenhydramine - use

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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8
Q

Dimenhydrinate - use

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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9
Q

Chlorpheniramine - use

A

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

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10
Q

Loratidine - use

A

Allergy

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11
Q

Fexofendaine - use

A

Allergy

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12
Q

Desloratadine - use

A

Allergy

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13
Q

Dipenhydramine - side fx (3)

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic
Anti-a-adrenergic

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14
Q

Dimenhydrinate - side fx (3)

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic
Anti-a-adrenergic

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15
Q

Chlorpheniramine - side fx (3)

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic
Anti-a-adrenergic

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16
Q

Loratidine - side fx

A

Far less sedating than 1st gen because decreased entry to CNS

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17
Q

Fexofendaine - side fx

A

Far less sedating than 1st gen because decreased entry to CNS

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18
Q

Desloratadine - side fx

A

Far less sedating than 1st gen because decreased entry to CNS

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19
Q

Guaifenesin - use

A

Thins respiratory secretions, does not suppress cough reflex

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20
Q

N-acetylcysteine - use (2)

A

Mucolytic - loosen mucus plugs in CF

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose

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21
Q

N-acetylcysteine - mech

A

Disrupts disulfide bonds

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22
Q

Pseudoephedrine - mech

A

A agonists

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23
Q

Phenylephrine - mech

A

A agonists

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24
Q

Pseudoephedrine - use

A

Reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion

Open obstructed Eustachian tubes

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25
Q

Phenylephrine - use

A

Reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion

Open obstructed Eustachian tubes

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26
Q

Pseudoephedrine - side fx

A

HTN

CNS stimulation/anxiety

27
Q

Phenylephrine - side fx

A

HTN

28
Q

Endothelin receptor antagonists (incl. bosentan) - use

A

For Pulm HTN: Decrease pulm vascular resistance

29
Q

Endothelin receptor antagonists (incl. bosentan) - mech

A

Inhibiting endothelin-1 receptor

30
Q

Endothelin receptor antagonists (incl. bosentan) - side fx

A

Hepatotoxicity (LFT)

31
Q

PDE-5 Inhibitors (incl sildenafil) - use

A

Pulm HTN

Erectile Dysfn

32
Q

PDE-5 Inhibitors (incl sildenafil) - mech

A

Inhibit cGMP PDE5 and prolong vasodilatory effect of NO

33
Q

Prostacyclin analogs (incl epoprostenol, iloprost) - use

A

Pulm HTN

34
Q

Prostacyclin analogs (incl epoprostenol, iloprost) - mech

A

Direct vasodilatory effect on pulm and systemic arterial vascular beds
Inhibit platelet aggregation

35
Q

Prostacyclin analogs (incl epoprostenol, iloprost) - side fx

A

Flushing

Jaw pain

36
Q

Albuterol - use

A

Acute exacerbation of asthma

37
Q

Albuterol - mech

A

B2 agonist relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

38
Q

Salmeterol - use

A

Asthma prophylaxis, long acting

39
Q

Salmeterol - mech

A

B2 agonist relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

40
Q

Formoterol - use

A

Asthma prophylaxis, long acting

41
Q

Formoterol - mech

A

B2 agonist relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

42
Q

Salmeterol - side fx (2)

A

Tremor

Arrythmia

43
Q

Formoterol - side fx (2)

A

Tremor

Arrythmia

44
Q

Fluticasone - use

A

Asthma - first line

45
Q

Budesonide - use

A

Asthma - first line

46
Q

Fluticasone - mech

A

Steroid
Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines
Inactivate NF-KB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-a and other inflammatory agents

47
Q

Budesonide - mech

A

Steroid
Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines
Inactivate NF-KB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-a and other inflammatory agents

48
Q

Ipratroprium - use

A

Prevent bronchoconstriction in asthma

COPD

49
Q

Ipratroprium - mech

A

Muscarinic antagonist that blocks muscarinic receptor competitively

50
Q

Montelukast - use

A

For aspirin-induced asthma

51
Q

Montelukast - mech

A

Antileukotreine that blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1)

52
Q

Zafirlukast - use

A

For aspirin-induced asthma

53
Q

Zafirlukast - mech

A

Antileukotreine that blocks leukotriene receptors (CysLT1)

54
Q

Zileuton - use

A

Asthma

55
Q

Zileuton - mech

A

Antileukotriene that inhibits 5-lipoxygenase pathway

Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

56
Q

Zileuton - side fx

A

Hepatotoxic

57
Q

Omalizumab - use

A

Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting B2 agonists

58
Q

Omalizumab - mech

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE AB, binds unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FcERI

59
Q

Theophylline - use

A

Asthma

60
Q

Theophylline - mech

A

Causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis
Metabolized by CYP 450
Blocks action of adenosin

61
Q

Theophyilline - side fx

A

Narrow therapeutic window

62
Q

Methacholine - use

A

Bronchial challenge test for asthma dx

63
Q

Methacholine - mech

A

M3 agonist

USMLE (23 decks)

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