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USMLE > Renal Drugs > Flashcards

Renal Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Mannitol - mech

A

Osmotic diuretic.

Increases tubular fluid osmolarity to increase urine flow, decrease ICP/IOP

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2
Q

Mannitol - use (2)

A

Drug overdose

Elevated ICP/IOP

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3
Q

Mannitol - side fx (3)

A

Pulmonary edema
Dehydration
Contraindicated in anuria, HF

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4
Q

Acetazolamide - mech

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Gets rid of NaHCO3 from the body

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5
Q

Acetazolamide - use (5)

A 
Glaucoma
Urinary alkalinization
Metabolic alkalosis
Altitude sickness
Pseudomotor cerebri
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6
Q

Acetazolamide - side fx (4)

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Paresthesias
NH3 toxicity
Sulfa allergy

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7
Q

Furosemide - mech (4)

A

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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8
Q

Furosemide - use (3)

A

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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9
Q

Furosemide - side fx (6)

A 
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout
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10
Q

Bumetanide - mech (4)

A

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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11
Q

Bumetanide - use (3)

A

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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12
Q

Bumetanide - side fx (6)

A 
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout
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13
Q

Torsemide - mech (4)

A

Sulfonamide loop diuretics
Inhibits NaK2Cl channel of ascending Loop of Henle and prevents concentration of urine
Stimulates PGE release (blocked by NSAIDs)
Increases Ca excretion

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14
Q

Torsemide - use (3)

A

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema)
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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15
Q

Torsemide - side fx (6)

A 
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout
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16
Q

Ethacrynic acid - mech

A

Phenoxyacetic acid derivative

Same action as furosemide

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17
Q

Ethacrynic acid - use

A

Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

18
Q

Ethacrynic acid - side fx

A

OH DNG + can cause hyperuricemia

19
Q

Chlorthalidone - mech (3)

A

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT to decrease diluting capacity of nephron
Decreases Ca excretion

20
Q

Chlorthalidone - use (5)

A 
HTN
HF
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Osteoporosis
21
Q

Chlorthalidone - side fx (7)

A 
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Sulfa allergy
22
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - mech (3)

A

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT to decrease diluting capacity of nephron
Decreases Ca excretion

23
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - use (5)

A 
HTN
HF
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Osteoporosis
24
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide - side fx (7)

A 
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Sulfa allergy
25
Q

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - mech (2)

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in CCT

26
Q

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - use (3)

A

Hypderaldosteronism
K+ depletion
HF

27
Q

Spironolactone/Eplerenone - side fx (2)

A

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias)

Endocrine effects with spironolactone

28
Q

Triamterene - mech

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks Na channels in CCT

29
Q

Triamterene - use (3)

A

Hypderaldosteronism
K+ depletion
HF

30
Q

Triamterene - side fx

A

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias)

31
Q

Amiloride - mech

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Blocks Na channels in CCT

32
Q

Amiloride - use (3)

A

Hypderaldosteronism
K+ depletion
HF

33
Q

Amiloride - side fx

A

Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias)

34
Q

ACEi (prils) - mech (3)

A

Inhibit ACE to decrease AngII
Decrease GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles
Bradykinin goes up because ACE can’t break it down

35
Q

ACEi (prils) - use (5)

A

HTN
HF
Proteinuria
Diabetic nephropathy (slows GBM thickening)
Prevents unfavourable heart remodeling in chronic HTN

36
Q

ACEi (-prils) - side fx (7)

A 
CATCHH
Cough
Angioedema
Teratogen
Creatinine Up (b/c GFR down)
Hyperkalemia
hTN
Avoid in bilateral renal artery stenosis b/c ACEi drop GFR, risk renal failure
37
Q

ARBs (-sartans) - mech (2)

A

Binds AngII receptors

Does not increase bradykinin

38
Q

ARBs (-sartans) - use (4)

A 
HTN
HF
Proteinuria
Diabetic nephropathy
(If intolerance to ACEi)
39
Q

ARBs (-sartans) - side fx (4)

A

Hyperkalemia
Decreased renal function
hTN
Teratogen

40
Q

Aliskiren - mech

A

Direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to AngI

41
Q

Aliskiren - use

A

HTN

42
Q

Aliskiren - side fx

A

Hyperkalemia
Decreased renal function
hTN
Cx in diabetics on ACEi/ARBs

USMLE (23 decks)

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