UWORD Flashcards
Single most important factor in determining prognosis on COPD
FEV<40
Most useful indicator for mortality in cirrhosis
Creatinine
First line treatment for Border personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy
genetic testing indication for Breast cancer
-2 1st-degree relatives with cancer -3 1st or 2st relatives with cancer -1 1st degree relative bilateral cancer -breast and ovarian cancer -Ashkenazi with 1st or 2st degree with ovarian or breast cancer.
A most common cardiac anomaly in a child of a mother with gestational diabetes.
transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (most children recover even without surgery)
EGD findings in autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG)
-absent rugae in the fundus
NHL treatment
CHOP -Ciclofosfamida(Hemorragic cistitis) -Hidroxiadriamicina(Dialted cardiomyopathy) -Oncovin(periferic neuropathy) -Prednisona
Hodkin lymphoma treatment
ABDD Adriamicina Bleomicin (pulmonary fibrosis) Vinblastine(Aplastic anemia) Dacarbacin(hepatic failure)
treatment for sporotrichosis
Oral itraconazole for 3 months
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis preferred treatment
Tenofovir+Emtricitabine +raltegravir
antibiotics in pediatrics sepsis
Ampi + genta o cefota
most important modifiable risk factor for stroke
HTN (<150/90)
trastuzumab side effect
REversible CHF
Head and neck treatment for inoperable cancer
CRT (chemoradiotherapy)
OSA neck size
BMI>35 Neck >17 in(43.18 cm)
Drug causing pancreatitis
Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Pain -Didanosine -Corticosteroids,Chlorthalidone -Alcohol -Valproic acid -Azathioprine -Diuretics(Furo,HCTZ)
Vibrio vulnificus treatment
Ceftria +Doxy
most important risk factor for osteoporosis
AGE specially after 60
Indication for preeclampsia prevention
Px with renal disease,DM, hypertension, or prior preeclampsia. START ASA AT WEEKS 12
lithium Toxicity
-Confusion -Ataxia -Neuromuscular exitability
Test of choice for the evaluation of tension pneumothorax in the acute setting
-Bedside Ultrasound
GFR contraindication for METFORMIN
GFR <30 DO NOT GIVE METFORMIN
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
Increased 17- Hydroxyprogesterone
SLE- like syndrome drugs “SHIPP-E”
Sulfa Hydralazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin Etanercept
Tinea capitis treatment
Oral Griseofulvin
PCP intoxication treatment
Lorazepam
best way to verify endotracheal intubation
Capnography
best way to reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injuty
IV volume expansion
treatment of candida endophthalmitis
vitriectomy Intravitreal ampho B IV Ampho B
best test in evaluating a patient with Respiratory failure in miastenia gravis patient
check for vital capacity
treatment for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
valproic acid
Treatment for HTN in patients with Gout
ARAi Avoid Thiazides, loop diuretics and low dose aspirin
high PPV is associated with..
a high specificity test
high PPV is associates with..
with high prevalance
treatment for pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patient
cover for S.aureous and 2 pseudomona patients. -Vanco + 2 others for pesudomona
Post exposure profilaxis time frame in HIV
within 72 hours(ideally within 1-2 h)
treament for akathisia
Reduce the antipsychotic dose, if it not possible, give propranolol
Treatment for Restless legs syndrome
Dopamine agonist(Pramipexole)
treatment on Cocaine MI
1-. Give benzos and nitroglycerin 2-.cath lab DO NOT GIVE METOPROLOL
Treatment of Catatonia
benzodiazepines and/or electrocnovulsive therapy
Treatment of ACS STEMI
MONAC BA -Morphine -O2 -Nitrates -ASA -Clopidogrel -B blocker -ACEi or ARBs
First line treatment for Alcohol use disorder
NALTREXONE. do not confuse with benzos, benzos are use for withdrawal
Lead intoxication management
1-.Capillary 2-.Venous 3-. Succimer if venous lead>45
SLE marker that correlates with the activity of the disease
anti DS DNA antibodies
indication for hospitalization in anorexia
Orthostatic hypotension,syncope,bradycardia,electrolyte iabnormalities.
most common cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart diseas
inital treatment for Parkinson in mild symptoms in patients <65 age
Dopamine agonist like pramipexole or bromocriptine
indications for parathyroidectomy
Age<50 symptomatic hypercalcemia T 400mg/day
high-intensity statin meaning
JUST Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20-40mg All other statins are not considered a high-intensity statin.
Erythema multiforme
Herpes simplex virus
red flags in low back pain
-History of cancer -unexplained weight loss -Pain predominantly at night -Urinary symptoms -fever GET A MRI !!!!
Low risk criteria for prostate cancer
Gleason<6 <3 core(<50% involvement in each affected core) Normal digital rectal examination PSA<10 ng/mL RE evaluate with PSA/q6 months and anual digital rectal examination.Repeat biopsy in 1 year.
Hyperkalemia changes on EKG
Peaked T prolonged QRS(>0.12s) Shortened QT
management of inguinal hernias in peds
Cuased by a patent prossus vaginalis Schedule SURGERY!! if encarcerated SURGETY STAT!!
do not mix statins with—>>
CAUSE MYOSITIS when mixed with macrolide or cyclosporine
atrial flutter treatmetn
loo for saw tooth on EKG <48 hour cardioversion >48h=Anticoagulate firts then—>cardioversion(pharma or electrical)
greates risk factor for pancreatic cancer
cigarette smoking is not alcohol.
recuerrent celullitis infection association
-tinea pedis -lymphedema -chronic venous insuficiency
recurrent cystitis in patient with gut pathogens like E.coli or Bacteroides fragililis and penumaturia
look for Crohn’s!!
Fibroids bleeding
Heavy , REGULAR Bleeding.
Treatment for hypertension in a patietn with gout
ARABs LOSARTAN
It should screened in patients with depression prios to beginning antidepressant
screen for manic or hypomanic RULE OUT BIPOLAR
soft irregular mass in testicles that increases in size with standing and valsalva
VARICOCELE -Risk for atrophy and infertility -Surgery is recomended if there is atrophy
Lead poisoning in children
treat if Lead >45 -SEVERE 70>dimercaprol or EDTA -Moderate 45-69: ORAL Succimer
Most commmon cause of adquired prolonged QTc interval
(QT>450)
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia
Drugs
Fluoroquinolones
antipsychotics
acetaminophen intoxication management
<4h: Activated Charcoal and NAC
>4-24h: NAC empirically
>24: treat in correlation with normogram
Indication for cardioverter-defibrillator in CHF
EF<35%
EF<30 if the history of MI
Indication for pacemarker in CHF
-EF<35% and QRS>120msec
Most common cause of inherited thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden
(resistance to the antithrombotic effects of protein C)
treatment for tricyclic antidepressant overdose QRS>100 msec
SODIUM BICARB
do not give physostigmine
Basophilic intranuclear inclusions in biopsy of a patient with renal transplant
BK virus(polyomavirus)
confirm with biopsy
treatment: Decrease immunosuppression a little and some antiviral therapy
AAA magnagement
>5cm : SURGERY
4-5cm:US yearly
3-4: US q2-3 Years
Management of acute COPD exacerbation
Oxygen
inhaled bronchodilators
systemic glucocortiocoids
Antibiotis if >2 cardinal symptoms
NONINVASIVE positive-pressure ventilation
candida vulvovaginitis in pregnancy treatmetn
PH 3.8-4.5
with/yellowish discharge
TOPICAL clotrimazole,miconazole, and nystatin
surgical indication for mitral valve regurgitation
LVEF 30-60% for symtomatic or asymptomatic patient
SSS diagnosis and treatemetn
EKG tachi-bradicardia
Treat with Pacemarker
eosinophils in urine after cardiac cath
“blue toe syndrome”
atheroembolization
What do we do with umibical hernias in babys
- Reassurance
- Surgery if not close by age5
Disseminated gonococcal infection
Tenosynovitis
Dermatitis: isolated pustules or papules, Primary on hands and feet.
Asymmetrical migratory polyarthralgia
Give IV ceftriaxone and single dose of oral azithromycin
Most significant factor for the develoment of a recurrent stroke
PRIOR STROKE!!
The exam is very tricky, hypertension is the most significant factor for stroke.
(is not hypertension)
Treatment for cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy before age 1 year.
refer to surgery by age 6 months.
Lyme disease treatment during pregnancy
Oral amoxicillin or oral cefuroxime
Infant with shock like state
1-.Sepsis
2-.Inborn error of metabolism
3-.Ductal-dependent congenital heart disease
4-.Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
surgical indication for scoliosis
Surgical correction for >50 degrees of curvature
Live vaccines
oral polio
MMR
Varicella
CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY AND IMMUNOSUPRESSION
Drug for hypertension for patients on lithium
CCBs
do no t give ARAs,ACEIs or thiazides.
leading cause of death in patients with lupus
Premature coronary atherosclerosis
-
EEG finding on juvenile myoclonic epilepsu
Bitemporal polyspike and slow wave activity
what to do with a COLD thyroid nodule
Cold nodules the bad ones
FNA
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
“Flu-like syndorme “ after missing several doses of antidepressant especially
- Paroxetine
- Venlafaxine
RESTART IMMEDIATELY!
Most common cause of spontaneous abortion
Fetal chromosomal abonormality
-Particularly autosomal trisomy.
Active herpes during pregnancy management
Acyclovir suppression beginning at 36 weeks gestation continuously until delivery.
if active lesions or prodromal symptoms during delivery, C section is indicated.
pregnant patietn with suspected parvovirus …..
Check for antibodies to check if patient has active infection or is the patient is immunne.
if patiens has active infection do US:Looking for hydrops fetalis.
Oxalate rich food
AVOID IN RENAL STONES
- Spinach
- Potatoes
- Nuts(peanuts,Cashews,Almonds)
Monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation risk for….
Twin-twin trasnfusion syndrome
indication for thoracocenthesis in patient with pleural efussion after surgery
>25%.
Diuretics are indicated when the cause of Pleura effusion is overload(eg.CHF)
First line treatment for major depression with psychotic features.
Electroconvulsive therapy
Most common side effect fo intranasal corticosteroids
Epistaxis
management of Acute rhinosinusitis
SYMPTOMATIC
- acetaminophen
- saline irrigation
- intranasal glucocorticoid
- Antibiotics should be considered if the patient does not improve after 7-10 of symptomatic management.
Interstitial cystitis
bladder pain >6 weeks exacerbated by bladder filling and relieved by urinating.
Urinalysis will be normal.
purposi of blinding in research
maximize unbiased ascertainment of outcomes.
Most common cause of centra hypothyroidism
Pituitary mass
caput succedaneum (above periosteum)
crosses sutures lines
SLE in pregnancy
anti-SSA and anti SSB are associated with congenital complete heart block.
DO NOT disscontrinue hydroxychloroquine, it is safe during pregnancy.
Treatment for latent TB
(upper fibronodular disease and calcified granulomas )
OPTIONS
-INH for 9 months
- Rifampin for 3 months
- INH plus rifapentine weekly for 3 months under direct observation.
mucormycosis treatment
SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT
+
Ampho B
treatment for bipolar depression
Lamotrigine(anticonvulsant)
or
Second generation antipsychotics
(Quetiapine or lurasidone)
NPPV complications on patients with underlying lung diease.
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumoperitoneum
- Pneumomediastinum
subcutaneous emphysema(crepitus, confirm with Chest x ray)
apathetic thyrotoxicosis
Caracterised for lethargy,confusion and depression.often missdiagnosed as dementia.
CHECK thyroid function test.
Cow`s Milk anemia
Do not give more than 24 oz of milk a day
Non-classic celiac disease
-look for a patient with weight loss, anemia, and some ADEK vitamin deficiency.
Exam its tricky and will not give diarrhea as a clue.
treatment for onychomycosis
TERBInafine or ITRAconazole
testicular torsion
loss of cremasteric reflex
exposure health personal to patient with active TB
Check tuberculin skin or Quantiferon in 8 to 10 weeks.
if negative repeat in 10 weeks.
Restless legs syndrome
Check for ferritin( Restless legs syndrome could be a symptom of iron deficiency anemia)
-Treat with pramipexole (Dopamine agonist)
or ropinirole
SIADH
- Hyponatremia
- Serum hypotonicity(<270)
- Urinare osmolality >100
- Urium sodium>40
Look for it in
- Pneumonia
- Psychiatric medication(SSRI,Carbamazepine,valproic acid)
membranosa
lymphoma
membranoproliferative
hepatitis c
Focal segmental
HIV- heroin.
wide pulse pressure in asyanotic baby
PDA
treatment of graves during pregnancy
Firs trimester PTU
second and third Methimazole
