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USMLE Step 3 > UWORD > Flashcards

UWORD Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Single most important factor in determining prognosis on COPD

A

FEV<40

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2
Q

Most useful indicator for mortality in cirrhosis

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

First line treatment for Border personality disorder

A

Dialectical behavior therapy

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4
Q

genetic testing indication for Breast cancer

A

-2 1st-degree relatives with cancer -3 1st or 2st relatives with cancer -1 1st degree relative bilateral cancer -breast and ovarian cancer -Ashkenazi with 1st or 2st degree with ovarian or breast cancer.

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5
Q

A most common cardiac anomaly in a child of a mother with gestational diabetes.

A

transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (most children recover even without surgery)

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6
Q

EGD findings in autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG)

A

-absent rugae in the fundus

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7
Q

NHL treatment

A

CHOP -Ciclofosfamida(Hemorragic cistitis) -Hidroxiadriamicina(Dialted cardiomyopathy) -Oncovin(periferic neuropathy) -Prednisona

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8
Q

Hodkin lymphoma treatment

A

ABDD Adriamicina Bleomicin (pulmonary fibrosis) Vinblastine(Aplastic anemia) Dacarbacin(hepatic failure)

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9
Q

treatment for sporotrichosis

A

Oral itraconazole for 3 months

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10
Q

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis preferred treatment

A

Tenofovir+Emtricitabine +raltegravir

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11
Q

antibiotics in pediatrics sepsis

A

Ampi + genta o cefota

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12
Q

most important modifiable risk factor for stroke

A

HTN (<150/90)

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13
Q

trastuzumab side effect

A

REversible CHF

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14
Q

Head and neck treatment for inoperable cancer

A

CRT (chemoradiotherapy)

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15
Q

OSA neck size

A

BMI>35 Neck >17 in(43.18 cm)

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16
Q

Drug causing pancreatitis

A

Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Pain -Didanosine -Corticosteroids,Chlorthalidone -Alcohol -Valproic acid -Azathioprine -Diuretics(Furo,HCTZ)

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17
Q

Vibrio vulnificus treatment

A

Ceftria +Doxy

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18
Q

most important risk factor for osteoporosis

A

AGE specially after 60

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19
Q

Indication for preeclampsia prevention

A

Px with renal disease,DM, hypertension, or prior preeclampsia. START ASA AT WEEKS 12

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20
Q

lithium Toxicity

A

-Confusion -Ataxia -Neuromuscular exitability

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21
Q

Test of choice for the evaluation of tension pneumothorax in the acute setting

A

-Bedside Ultrasound

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22
Q

GFR contraindication for METFORMIN

A

GFR <30 DO NOT GIVE METFORMIN

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23
Q

Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia

A

Increased 17- Hydroxyprogesterone

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24
Q

SLE- like syndrome drugs “SHIPP-E”

A

Sulfa Hydralazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin Etanercept

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25
Q

Tinea capitis treatment

A

Oral Griseofulvin

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26
Q

PCP intoxication treatment

A

Lorazepam

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27
Q

best way to verify endotracheal intubation

A

Capnography

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28
Q

best way to reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injuty

A

IV volume expansion

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29
Q

treatment of candida endophthalmitis

A

vitriectomy Intravitreal ampho B IV Ampho B

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30
Q

best test in evaluating a patient with Respiratory failure in miastenia gravis patient

A

check for vital capacity

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31
Q

treatment for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

valproic acid

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32
Q

Treatment for HTN in patients with Gout

A

ARAi Avoid Thiazides, loop diuretics and low dose aspirin

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33
Q

high PPV is associated with..

A

a high specificity test

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34
Q

high PPV is associates with..

A

with high prevalance

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35
Q

treatment for pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patient

A

cover for S.aureous and 2 pseudomona patients. -Vanco + 2 others for pesudomona

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36
Q

Post exposure profilaxis time frame in HIV

A

within 72 hours(ideally within 1-2 h)

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37
Q

treament for akathisia

A

Reduce the antipsychotic dose, if it not possible, give propranolol

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38
Q

Treatment for Restless legs syndrome

A

Dopamine agonist(Pramipexole)

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39
Q

treatment on Cocaine MI

A

1-. Give benzos and nitroglycerin 2-.cath lab DO NOT GIVE METOPROLOL

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40
Q

Treatment of Catatonia

A

benzodiazepines and/or electrocnovulsive therapy

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41
Q

Treatment of ACS STEMI

A

MONAC BA -Morphine -O2 -Nitrates -ASA -Clopidogrel -B blocker -ACEi or ARBs

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42
Q

First line treatment for Alcohol use disorder

A

NALTREXONE. do not confuse with benzos, benzos are use for withdrawal

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43
Q

Lead intoxication management

A

1-.Capillary 2-.Venous 3-. Succimer if venous lead>45

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44
Q

SLE marker that correlates with the activity of the disease

A

anti DS DNA antibodies

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45
Q

indication for hospitalization in anorexia

A

Orthostatic hypotension,syncope,bradycardia,electrolyte iabnormalities.

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46
Q

most common cause of mitral stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart diseas

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47
Q

inital treatment for Parkinson in mild symptoms in patients <65 age

A

Dopamine agonist like pramipexole or bromocriptine

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48
Q

indications for parathyroidectomy

A

Age<50 symptomatic hypercalcemia T 400mg/day

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49
Q

high-intensity statin meaning

A

JUST Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20-40mg All other statins are not considered a high-intensity statin.

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50
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Herpes simplex virus

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51
Q

red flags in low back pain

A

-History of cancer -unexplained weight loss -Pain predominantly at night -Urinary symptoms -fever GET A MRI !!!!

52
Q

Low risk criteria for prostate cancer

A

Gleason<6 <3 core(<50% involvement in each affected core) Normal digital rectal examination PSA<10 ng/mL RE evaluate with PSA/q6 months and anual digital rectal examination.Repeat biopsy in 1 year.

53
Q

Hyperkalemia changes on EKG

A

Peaked T prolonged QRS(>0.12s) Shortened QT

54
Q

management of inguinal hernias in peds

A

Cuased by a patent prossus vaginalis Schedule SURGERY!! if encarcerated SURGETY STAT!!

55
Q

do not mix statins with—>>

A

CAUSE MYOSITIS when mixed with macrolide or cyclosporine

56
Q

atrial flutter treatmetn

A

loo for saw tooth on EKG <48 hour cardioversion >48h=Anticoagulate firts then—>cardioversion(pharma or electrical)

57
Q

greates risk factor for pancreatic cancer

A

cigarette smoking is not alcohol.

58
Q

recuerrent celullitis infection association

A

-tinea pedis -lymphedema -chronic venous insuficiency

59
Q

recurrent cystitis in patient with gut pathogens like E.coli or Bacteroides fragililis and penumaturia

A

look for Crohn’s!!

60
Q

Fibroids bleeding

A

Heavy , REGULAR Bleeding.

61
Q

Treatment for hypertension in a patietn with gout

A

ARABs LOSARTAN

62
Q

It should screened in patients with depression prios to beginning antidepressant

A

screen for manic or hypomanic RULE OUT BIPOLAR

63
Q

soft irregular mass in testicles that increases in size with standing and valsalva

A

VARICOCELE -Risk for atrophy and infertility -Surgery is recomended if there is atrophy

64
Q

Lead poisoning in children

A

treat if Lead >45 -SEVERE 70>dimercaprol or EDTA -Moderate 45-69: ORAL Succimer

65
Q

Most commmon cause of adquired prolonged QTc interval

(QT>450)

A

Electrolyte abnormalities

Hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia

Drugs

Fluoroquinolones

antipsychotics

66
Q

acetaminophen intoxication management

A

<4h: Activated Charcoal and NAC

>4-24h: NAC empirically

>24: treat in correlation with normogram

67
Q

Indication for cardioverter-defibrillator in CHF

A

EF<35%

EF<30 if the history of MI

68
Q

Indication for pacemarker in CHF

A

-EF<35% and QRS>120msec

69
Q

Most common cause of inherited thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden

(resistance to the antithrombotic effects of protein C)

70
Q

treatment for tricyclic antidepressant overdose QRS>100 msec

A

SODIUM BICARB

do not give physostigmine

71
Q

Basophilic intranuclear inclusions in biopsy of a patient with renal transplant

A

BK virus(polyomavirus)

confirm with biopsy

treatment: Decrease immunosuppression a little and some antiviral therapy

72
Q

AAA magnagement

A

>5cm : SURGERY

4-5cm:US yearly

3-4: US q2-3 Years

73
Q

Management of acute COPD exacerbation

A

Oxygen

inhaled bronchodilators

systemic glucocortiocoids

Antibiotis if >2 cardinal symptoms

NONINVASIVE positive-pressure ventilation

74
Q

candida vulvovaginitis in pregnancy treatmetn

PH 3.8-4.5

with/yellowish discharge

A

TOPICAL clotrimazole,miconazole, and nystatin

75
Q

surgical indication for mitral valve regurgitation

A

LVEF 30-60% for symtomatic or asymptomatic patient

76
Q

SSS diagnosis and treatemetn

A

EKG tachi-bradicardia

Treat with Pacemarker

77
Q

eosinophils in urine after cardiac cath

A

“blue toe syndrome”

atheroembolization

78
Q

What do we do with umibical hernias in babys

A
  • Reassurance
  • Surgery if not close by age5
79
Q

Disseminated gonococcal infection

A

Tenosynovitis

Dermatitis: isolated pustules or papules, Primary on hands and feet.

Asymmetrical migratory polyarthralgia

Give IV ceftriaxone and single dose of oral azithromycin

80
Q

Most significant factor for the develoment of a recurrent stroke

A

PRIOR STROKE!!

The exam is very tricky, hypertension is the most significant factor for stroke.

(is not hypertension)

81
Q

Treatment for cryptorchidism

A

Orchiopexy before age 1 year.

refer to surgery by age 6 months.

82
Q

Lyme disease treatment during pregnancy

A

Oral amoxicillin or oral cefuroxime

83
Q

Infant with shock like state

A

1-.Sepsis

2-.Inborn error of metabolism

3-.Ductal-dependent congenital heart disease

4-.Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

84
Q

surgical indication for scoliosis

A

Surgical correction for >50 degrees of curvature

85
Q

Live vaccines

A

oral polio

MMR

Varicella

CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY AND IMMUNOSUPRESSION

86
Q

Drug for hypertension for patients on lithium

A

CCBs

do no t give ARAs,ACEIs or thiazides.

87
Q
A
88
Q

leading cause of death in patients with lupus

A

Premature coronary atherosclerosis

-

89
Q

EEG finding on juvenile myoclonic epilepsu

A

Bitemporal polyspike and slow wave activity

90
Q

what to do with a COLD thyroid nodule

Cold nodules the bad ones

A

FNA

91
Q
A
92
Q

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome

A

“Flu-like syndorme “ after missing several doses of antidepressant especially

  • Paroxetine
  • Venlafaxine

RESTART IMMEDIATELY!

93
Q

Most common cause of spontaneous abortion

A

Fetal chromosomal abonormality

-Particularly autosomal trisomy.

94
Q

Active herpes during pregnancy management

A

Acyclovir suppression beginning at 36 weeks gestation continuously until delivery.

if active lesions or prodromal symptoms during delivery, C section is indicated.

95
Q

pregnant patietn with suspected parvovirus …..

A

Check for antibodies to check if patient has active infection or is the patient is immunne.

if patiens has active infection do US:Looking for hydrops fetalis.

96
Q

Oxalate rich food

A

AVOID IN RENAL STONES

  • Spinach
  • Potatoes
  • Nuts(peanuts,Cashews,Almonds)
97
Q

Monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation risk for….

A

Twin-twin trasnfusion syndrome

98
Q

indication for thoracocenthesis in patient with pleural efussion after surgery

A

>25%.

Diuretics are indicated when the cause of Pleura effusion is overload(eg.CHF)

99
Q
A
100
Q

First line treatment for major depression with psychotic features.

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

101
Q

Most common side effect fo intranasal corticosteroids

A

Epistaxis

102
Q

management of Acute rhinosinusitis

A

SYMPTOMATIC

  • acetaminophen
  • saline irrigation
  • intranasal glucocorticoid
  • Antibiotics should be considered if the patient does not improve after 7-10 of symptomatic management.
103
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

bladder pain >6 weeks exacerbated by bladder filling and relieved by urinating.

Urinalysis will be normal.

104
Q

purposi of blinding in research

A

maximize unbiased ascertainment of outcomes.

105
Q

Most common cause of centra hypothyroidism

A

Pituitary mass

106
Q

caput succedaneum (above periosteum)

A

crosses sutures lines

107
Q
A
108
Q

SLE in pregnancy

A

anti-SSA and anti SSB are associated with congenital complete heart block.

DO NOT disscontrinue hydroxychloroquine, it is safe during pregnancy.

109
Q

Treatment for latent TB

(upper fibronodular disease and calcified granulomas )

A

OPTIONS

-INH for 9 months

  • Rifampin for 3 months
  • INH plus rifapentine weekly for 3 months under direct observation.
110
Q

mucormycosis treatment

A

SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT

+

Ampho B

111
Q

treatment for bipolar depression

A

Lamotrigine(anticonvulsant)

or

Second generation antipsychotics

(Quetiapine or lurasidone)

112
Q

NPPV complications on patients with underlying lung diease.

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumoperitoneum
  • Pneumomediastinum

subcutaneous emphysema(crepitus, confirm with Chest x ray)

113
Q

apathetic thyrotoxicosis

A

Caracterised for lethargy,confusion and depression.often missdiagnosed as dementia.

CHECK thyroid function test.

114
Q

Cow`s Milk anemia

A

Do not give more than 24 oz of milk a day

115
Q

Non-classic celiac disease

A

-look for a patient with weight loss, anemia, and some ADEK vitamin deficiency.

Exam its tricky and will not give diarrhea as a clue.

116
Q

treatment for onychomycosis

A

TERBInafine or ITRAconazole

117
Q

testicular torsion

A

loss of cremasteric reflex

118
Q

exposure health personal to patient with active TB

A

Check tuberculin skin or Quantiferon in 8 to 10 weeks.

if negative repeat in 10 weeks.

119
Q

Restless legs syndrome

A

Check for ferritin( Restless legs syndrome could be a symptom of iron deficiency anemia)

-Treat with pramipexole (Dopamine agonist)

or ropinirole

120
Q
A
121
Q

SIADH

A
  • Hyponatremia
  • Serum hypotonicity(<270)
  • Urinare osmolality >100
  • Urium sodium>40

Look for it in

  • Pneumonia
  • Psychiatric medication(SSRI,Carbamazepine,valproic acid)
122
Q

membranosa

A

lymphoma

123
Q

membranoproliferative

A

hepatitis c

124
Q

Focal segmental

A

HIV- heroin.

125
Q

wide pulse pressure in asyanotic baby

A

PDA

126
Q
A
127
Q

treatment of graves during pregnancy

A

Firs trimester PTU

second and third Methimazole

USMLE Step 3 (19 decks)

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