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USMLE Step 3 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pulmonary Edema Precipitants

A
  • Ischemia
  • Arrhythmia
  • Infection
  • Nonadherence to medications
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2
Q

Treatment for DVT in uncomplicated patient

A

Xa inhibitor

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3
Q

treatment for DVT in a patient with underlying malignancy

A

LMWH

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4
Q

LDL goal in hyperlipidemia

A

LDL <70

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5
Q

betablockers that decrease mortality in CHF

A

metoprolol,carvedilol,bisoprolol

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6
Q

decreases mortalityh in CHF

A

espironolactone and eplerenone

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7
Q

indication for implantable defibrillator placement

A

EF <35%

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8
Q

indication for Biventricular pacemaker

A

EF<35% and QRS duration >120msec.

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9
Q

surgical indication for Aortic regurgitation

A

EF<55%

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10
Q

Aortic regurgitation initial treatment

A

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Nifedioine

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11
Q

ST elevation in all leads

A

Pericarditis

treat with NSAIDS if there if no improvement give prednisone.

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12
Q

Low voltage and electrical alternance on EKG

A

Pericardia tamponade

confirm with echo look for pulsus paradoxus Do a pericardiocentesis

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13
Q

Aortic dissection treatment

A

Beta blocker

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14
Q

CHADS2

A 
CHF
Hypertension
Age>75
Diabtes
Stroke

1=ASA
2>=warfa,dabigatran,rivaroxaban or apixaba

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15
Q

dabigatran antidote

A

idarucizumab

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16
Q

Xa inhibitor antidote

A

Andexanet

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17
Q

regular rhythm with ventricular rate> 160-180

A

SVT

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18
Q

SVT treatment

A

stable: Vagal maneuvers and ADENOSINE
unstable: Synchronized cardioversion

19
Q

WPW treatment

A

Procainamide

20
Q

Ventricular tachi treatment

A

Stable:Amiodarona
Unstable: Cardioversion

21
Q

A fib work up

A

Echo
TSH and T4
Electrolytes: K, Mg and Ca
Troponin or CK-MB

22
Q

Valvular lesions associated with ehlers-danlos syndrome

A

MR

23
Q

valvular lesion associated with Marfan syndrome

A

AR

MR

24
Q

Most common Cause of dead in CHF and MI

A

Ventricular arrhytmia

25
Q

INdication for CABG

A
  • 3 coronary vessels with >70% stenosis
  • Left main coronary artery stenosis >50-70%
  • 2 vessels in a diabetic
  • 2 or 3 vessels with low ejection fraciton
26
Q

10 year risk of CAD is >7.5% …

A

give STATIN!!!

27
Q

CHF wit systolic dysfuntion(EF<40%) treatmetn

A

-ACEIs + B blockers + spiro+ Digoxin(if needed)

28
Q

CHF with diastolic disfunction and preserver EF

A

-B blockers and diuretics

29
Q

treatment for regurgitant lesions

A

VASODILATION

  • ACEi,ARBs or nifedipino
  • Surgery if meds fail
30
Q

Treatment for Stenotic lesions

A

Anatomic repair

31
Q

Aortic stenosis treatment

A

Valve replacement

gradient > 70mmHg indicates severe disease

32
Q

Aortic regurgitation treatmetn

A

1-.ACEi,ARBs and nifedipine

2-. Surgery if EF<55mmHg or end systolic diameter goes above 55mm

33
Q

most common cause of MS

A

Rheumatic fever

34
Q

Mitral stenosis treatment

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

35
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

1-. VASODILATION(ACEi,ARBs and nifedipino)

2-.OPERATE when EF<60% or LVESD>40mm

36
Q

ASD findins in ausucltation

A

-Holosistolic murmur with fixed splittin of S2

37
Q

brugada syndrome

A

RBB with ST elevation in leads V1-V3

Clinically presents as a syncope

38
Q

Ginko biloba side effect

A

Bleeding and platelet disfunction

39
Q

Long QT interval

A

QT interval >450 in men

QT interval >470 women

40
Q

PR segment depression in lead II

ST elevation in all leads

A

Pericarditis

treat with NSAIDs

41
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

-DECREASE of blood pressure>10 mmHg on inhalation

42
Q

Electrical alternans

A

-Diferent height of the QRS complex

43
Q

Cardia tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus

Electrical alternans

44
Q

tachycardia with polymorphic P waves in association with COPD

A

MAT

-treat with O2 and diltiazem

USMLE Step 3 (19 decks)

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