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USMLE Step 3 > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Goodpasture syndrome treatment

A

Plasmapheresis

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2
Q

Allergic angiitis(Churg-Strauss syndrome) treatment

A

Glucocorticoids

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3
Q

wegeners treatment

A

-Cyclophosphamide and steroids

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4
Q

best initial test for Goodpasture

A

Anti.-basement menbrane antibodies

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5
Q

best initial test for begeners

A

C- ANca

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6
Q

Best initial test for PAN

A

ESR and markers of inflamation

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7
Q

Most acurate test for PAN

A

sural nerve biopsy

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8
Q

treatment for PAN

A

Cyclophosphamide and steroids

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9
Q

Biopsy findinds on PSGN

A

Subepithelial deposits of IgG and C3

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10
Q

Nephroyic syndrome

A

Proteninuria >3.5g
edema
hyperlipidemia
edema

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11
Q

Steps in evaluation of proteinuria

A 
1-.UA
2-.Repeat UA
3-.Evaluate for orthostatic proteinuria
4-.Get protein/Creatinine ratio
5-.Perform a renal biopsy
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12
Q

Indications for Dialysis

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Uremia with encephalopathy
  • Fluid overload
  • Uremia with pericarditis
  • Toxic dializable drugs (Li,Ehylene glycol,ASA)
  • Uremia-induced malnutrition
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13
Q

causes of hypernatremia

A
  • Dehydration
  • Central DI
  • Nephrogenic DI
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14
Q

causes of hypernatremia

A

Euvolemic hyponatremia

  • SIADH
  • Addison´s Diasease
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15
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A
  • metabolic acidosis
  • Adrenal aldosterone deficiency
  • Beta blockers
  • Digoxin toxicity
  • ACE inhibitos and angiotensin receptor blockers
  • Type IV renal tubular acidosis
  • Renal failure
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16
Q

Causes of Increased Anion gap metabolic acidosis

A
  • Lactic acidosis
  • ASA overdose
  • Methanol intoxication
  • Ethylene glycol intoxicaiton
  • INH intoxication
  • Uremia
  • DKA
17
Q

Causes of Normal Anion Gap metabolic acidosis

A
  • Diarrhea(Neg UAG)

- RTA(+ UAG)

18
Q

causes od metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Vomiting
  • Volumen contraction
  • Conn syndrome or Cushing syndrome
  • Hypokalemia
  • Milk alkali syndrome
19
Q

Investigate for 2 hypertension when

A
  • young (<30) or old (60>)patient
  • Failure on 3 meds
  • Specific findings
20
Q

Causes of secondary hypertension(6)

A 
Hormonal
 -Pheochormocytoma
 -Conn syndrome
 -Cushing syndrome
 -Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Vascular
 -Renal artery stenosis
 -Coarctation of aorta
21
Q

low complement glomerulonephritis

A
  • Hep B and C= crioglobulinemia
  • Lupus
  • Infections(leptospira,PSGN,endocarditis)
  • Cancer
22
Q

Norma complement GMN

A 
IgA
-Enf. Berger
-Henoch schonlein purpura
C ANCA
-Wegener`s
P ANCA
-Microscopic polyangiitis
-Churgs Straus
Alport Sx
Goodpasture(IgG vs collagen IV)
23
Q

Hypernatremia

A
  • Dehydration

- DI(central or renal)

USMLE Step 3 (19 decks)

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