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STEP 2 Cardio + Renal > UW revision Secondary HTN causes table > Flashcards

UW revision Secondary HTN causes table Flashcards

1
Q

Renal parenchyma cause. Clues?2

What Ca levels?

A

Elevated Cr level
Abnormal urinalysis (proteinuria, RBC)

More likely hypocalcemic.

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2
Q

Renovascular cause. Clues?3

A

Recurrent flash pulmonary edema
Elevate Cr level (particularly with ACEI/ARB use)
Abdominal bruit (99 proc specificity)

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3
Q

Elevated Cr level
Abnormal urinalysis (proteinuria, RBC)
Cause?

A

RENAL DISEASE

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4
Q

Recurrent flash pulmonary edema
Elevate Cr level (particularly with ACEI use)
Abdominal bruit (99 proc specificity)
Cause?

A

RENOVASCULAR DISEASE

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5
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism. Clues? 2

A

Hypokalemia (spontaneous or thiazide induced)
Metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

Hypokalemia (spontaneous or thiazide induced)
Metabolic alkalosis

Cause?

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism.

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7
Q

OSA. Clues?2

A

Daytime somnolence
Increased neck circumference

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8
Q

Daytime somnolence
Increased neck circumference

cause?

A

OSA

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9
Q

Pheochromocytoma. Clues? 2

A

Paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia
Headaches, palpitation, diaphoresis

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10
Q

Paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia
Headaches, palpitation, diaphoresis

Cause?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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11
Q

Cushing syndrome. Clues?

A

Cushingoid body habitus and proximal muscle atrophy
Hyperglycemia

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12
Q

Cushingoid body habitus and proximal muscle atrophy
Hyperglycemia

Cause?

A

Cushing syndrome.

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13
Q

Thyroid disease. HYPER Clues?

A

anxiety, heat intolerance, weight loss, tachy

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14
Q

Thyroid disease. HYPO Clues?

A

fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia

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15
Q

anxiety, heat intolerance, weight loss, tachy
Cause?

A

Thyroid disease. HYPERthyroidisim

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16
Q

fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia
Cause?

A

Thyroid disease. HYPOthyroidism

17
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. Clues? 3

A

Mild hypercalcemia +/- symptoms (eg constipation)
Kidney stones
PSYCH symptoms (eg depression)

18
Q

Mild hypercalcemia +/- symptoms (eg constipation)
Kidney stones
PSYCH symptoms (eg depression)
Cause?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism.

19
Q

Coarctation of aorta. Clues?

A

Upper extremity hypertension with brachial-femoral pulse delay (common)
Lateralizing hypertension (less common)

20
Q

Upper extremity hypertension with brachial-femoral pulse delay (common)
Lateralizing hypertension (less common)

Cause?

A

Coarctation of aorta.

21
Q

Renovascular HTN/renal artery stenosis. Kidney size?

A

ASYMETRIC KIDNEY SIZE - small atrophic unilateral kidney

22
Q

ASYMETRIC KIDNEY SIZE - small atrophic unilateral kidney. CAUSE?

A

Renovascular HTN/renal artery stenosis

23
Q

Elevation of Cr in 30 proc. when used ACEI/ARB. Cause?

A

renal artery stenosis

24
Q

High plasma aldosterone/renin ratio > 20:1. In what disease?

A

PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

25
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism abbreviation?

A

stones, bones, abdoninal groans and psychiatric overtones.

26
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. MCC?

A

80 proc = parathyroid adenoma.

27
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. Why hypercalcemia?

A

incr. renal calcium absorption + GI Ca absorption + bone reabsorption.

28
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms?

A

Kidney stones, neuropsychiatric symptoms, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, polyuria, polydipsia, constipation, abdominal pain.

29
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. Mechanism of HTN? 3

A

Increased renin secretion
Sympathetic hyperresponsiveness
Peripheral artery constriction

30
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism. HTN Tx?

A

Treat hyperparathyroidism –> HTN resolves

31
Q

Thyroid. What HTN predominantly in hyperthyroidism?

A

systolic HTN

32
Q

Thyroid. What HTN predominantly in hypothyroidism?

A

diastolic HTN

33
Q

Thyroid. Hyperthyroidism on Ca?

A

increased calcium due to increased bone turnover

34
Q

Thyroid. Hypothyroidism on Ca?

A

normal Ca. Hypothyroidism does not have significant effect on serum Ca concentration.

35
Q

Clinical clues to renovascular disease. (table).
HTN related symptoms?

A

Resistant HTN (>=3 drugs but still uncontrolled)
Malignant HTN (with end organ damage)
Onset of severe HTN (180mmHg) after age 55 yo
Severe HTN with diffuse atherosclerosis
Recurrent flash pulmonary edema with severe HTN

36
Q

Clinical clues to renovascular disease. (table).
Supportive evidence? Physical 2

A

Asymetric kidney (>1,5 cm)
Abdominal bruit

37
Q

Clinical clues to renovascular disease. (table).
Supportive evidence? Labs

A

Unexplained rise in serum Cr (>30 proc) after starting ACEI or ARBs

38
Q

Clinical clues to renovascular disease. (table).
Supportive evidence? Imaging

A

UNEXPLAINED ATROPHIC KIDNEY

STEP 2 Cardio + Renal (35 decks)

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