UTITLED DECK 7 Flashcards
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
- abducts vocal folds
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
- adducts vocal folds
Tongue muscle palatoglossus
- supplied by CN X
Cricothyroid muscle
- tenses the muscles of the larynx
Lesser petrosal nerve
- exits the skull by Foramen ovale
Platysma innervation -
facial nerve
Middle meningeal a enters the cranium via
- Foramen spinosum
Recurrent lagyngeal nerve
- lies between oesophagus and trachea
Eustachian tube pierces
- petrous temporal bone
Amaurosis fugax artery involved
- ipsilateral internal carotid artery -> central retinal artery influenced (branch of ophthalmic artery, enters through optic canal)
hilum of the lung
- has vagus posterior and phrenic nerve anterior
thyroid has suspensory ligament of berry
- connects thyroid to trachea, lies next to recurrent laryngeal
external carotid artery
- runs through parotid gland
carotid sheath -
common carotid medially, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein lateral, + ansa cervicalis
marginal mandibular a –>
depressor anguli oris muscle –> depression of mouth (mouth drooling)
tongue retraction back
- styloglossus muscle
tonge protrusion
- genioglossus
tongue depression
- hyoglossus
ansa cervicalis
- cervical spinal nerves, innervating the infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles)
submandibular gland
- contains facial artery
external jugular vein:
formed from posterior auricular and retromandibular
internal jugular vein:
receives facial, pharyngeal, lingual, superior, and middle thyroid.
parotid duct opening
- maxillary/upper second molar, on the buccal side
Submandibular/Wharton’s duct
- opening in anterior midline floor of mouth
structures in the spermatic cord:
Testicular, cremasteric, artery to the gas
Genital n, sympathetic fibres, iluoinguinal n
Pampiniform plexus, vascular deferens, lymphatics
Adrenaline and hydrocortisone
<6 mth 150mcg, 25mg
6m-6y 150mcg, 50mg
6-12y 300mcg, 100mg
>12y 500mcg, 200mg
Bypass vesells for CABG:
- Internal mammary artery is best
- Radial artery harvested from forearm. Ensure ulnar collateral working first!
- Reversed long saphenous vein grafts
Neuropathic pain:
amitriptyline or pregabalin
2nd line: both
3rd line: tramadol, lidocaine, pain management clinic
malnourished:
BMI < 18.5
weight loss of >10% over 3-6m
BMI < 20 and weight loss of >5% over 3-6m
Features of an addisonian crisis:
Hyponatraemia
Hyperkalaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Addisoninan crisis tx:
Hydrocortisone 100 mg im or iv
1 litre normal saline infused over 30-60 mins or with dextrose if hypoglycaemic
pancreatitis score
> 3 mean severe pancreatitis
P a02 < 60 mmHg
A ge > 55 years
N eutrophils > 15 x 10/l
C alcium < 2 mmol/l
R aised urea > 16 mmol/l
E nzyme (lactate dehydrogenase) > 600 units/l
A lbumin < 32 g/l
S ugar (glucose) > 10 mmol/l
Kocher criteria for septic arthritis
- Non weight bearing on affected side
- ESR > 40 mm/hr
- Fever
- WBC count of >12,000 mm3
Stone size vs Chances of stone passage
1mm 85%
2-4mm 75%
5-7mm 60%
humerus - muscles attaching to greater tuberosity
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles
Humerus - attachement to lesser tuberosity
Subscapularis
erection parasympathetic vs sympathetic
p=parasympathetic=points
s=sympathetic=shoots
Risks of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture (over 5 years):
5-5.9cm = 25%
6-6.9cm= 35%
* 7cm and over = 75%
