Untitled Deck 3

Question 1

Dysphasia lusoria?

Answer 1

Compression of oesophagus due to aberrant right subclavian artery

Question 2

BRCA1?

Answer 2

Chromosome 17

Question 3

BRCA2?

Answer 3

Chromosome 13

Question 4

Small cell lung cancer?

Answer 4

In smokers

Question 5

Adenocarcinoma of the lung?

Answer 5

Most common in never smokers

Question 6

Upper PSA limit?

Answer 6

(age-20)/10

Question 7

Takayasu arteritis?

Answer 7

Large vessel granulomatous vasculitis

Question 8

Buerger’s disease?

Answer 8

Segmental thrombotic occlusions of small and medium sized vessels

Corkscrew shaped collateral vessels seen

Question 9

Leriche syndrome?

Answer 9

Atheromatous disease of iliac vessels

Buttock claudication and impotence

Question 10

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a risk factor for?

Answer 10

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 11

Marfan syndrome?

Answer 11

AD, defect in fibrillin gene on chromosome 15

Question 12

Mirel scoring?

Answer 12

Stratifies risk of fracture for bone metastasis

Question 13

Odynophagia?

Answer 13

Painful swallowing

Question 14

Oncogenes?

Answer 14

sis, myc, RET, Src, Ras

Question 15

Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 15

Reed Sternberg cells (2 nuclei)

Question 16

Ann Arbor staging system?

Answer 16

For staging of Hodgkin lymphoma

Nodes on one or both sides of the diaphragm

Question 17

MEN type 1 most common presentation?

Answer 17

Hypercalcemia

Question 18

MEN 1 3Ps?

Answer 18

Parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary

Question 19

MEN 1 gene?

Answer 19

MENIN gene chromosome 11

Question 20

MEN 2 and 3 gene?

Answer 20

RET gene chromosome 10

Question 21

Wallerian degeneration?

Answer 21

Axonal degeneration distal to the site of surgery

Question 22

Axonotmesis?

Answer 22

Axon damaged, myelin sheath preserved

Question 23

Neurotmesis?

Answer 23

Axon and myelin sheath damaged

Question 24

Metaplasia?

Answer 24

Cell type conversion

Question 25

Why the different position of recurrent laryngeal n on both sides?

Answer 25

Due to aortic arches V and VI disappearing on the right

Loops under right subclavian vs on the left loops under VI/ligamentum arteriosum

Question 26

Superior laryngeal n?

Answer 26

Innervates cricothyroid, high pitch and singing

Question 27

Inferior laryngeal n?

Answer 27

Innervates intrinsic larynx muscles, vocal cords, speech, swallowing

Question 28

Trachea lining

Answer 28

Lined by ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 29

PT?

Answer 29

Vitamin K dependent factors 2, 7, 9, 10

Question 30

APTT?

Answer 30

Factors 8, 9, 11, 12

Question 31

Jaundice and vit K?

Answer 31

Impairs production of Vitamin K