UTI Flashcards
what is cystitis?
-inflammation of the bladder
what is pyelonephritis?
kidney infection
what is a complicated UTI?
a UTI complicated by:
- systemic sepsis or
- urinary structural abnormality/ stones
what is bacteriuria?
-bacteria present in urine
what are risk factors for UTI?
- female (due to shorter and wider urethra, urethra closer to anus, increased risk with sexual activity, pregnancy)
- cathetirised patients
- abnormalities of the urinary tract
what are some gram positive causes of UTI?
-Enterococcus spp.
enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium
what organism usually causes UTIs in women of child bearing age?
-staphylococcus saphrophyticus
what bacteria causes a UTI and is associated with catheters and instrumentation?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
what is pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to and not resistant to?
-resistant to most oral antibiotics except ciprofloxacin
what are symptoms of a UTI?
- dysuria
- frequency of urination
- nocturia
- haematuria
involvement of upper urinary tract:
- fever
- loin pain
- rigors
what type of urine is most likely to be contaminated?
-first urine passed
what method of urine collection should be used in children and elderly?
‘clean catch’ urine
what method of urine collection should be used in babies?
bag urine
what is a boricon container?
- a specimen container that contains boric acid (preservative) to stop bacterial multiplying
- this works for 24 hours
what is a sterile universal container?
- a specimen container
- must reach lab within 2 hours of collection
what on dipstick may indicate infection?
- leukocyte esterase
- nitrites (indicate presence of bacteria in urine as some bacteria reduce nitrates to nitrites)
- protein
- blood
what will be seen on microscopy of urine of someone with a UTI?
- only done on selected (urgent) cases
- look for presence of polymorphs (pus ells), bacteria +/- red cells
what Criteria is used for determining chance of having a UTI?
Kass’s criteria
what Criteria is used for determining chance of having a UTI?
Kass’s criteria
is antibiotic treatment required in asymptomatic bacteriuria?
not unless pregnant
what is bacterial cystitis/ urethral syndrome?
