UTI Flashcards

1
Q

what is cystitis?

A

-inflammation of the bladder

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2
Q

what is pyelonephritis?

A

kidney infection

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3
Q

what is a complicated UTI?

A

a UTI complicated by:

  • systemic sepsis or
  • urinary structural abnormality/ stones
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4
Q

what is bacteriuria?

A

-bacteria present in urine

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5
Q

what are risk factors for UTI?

A
  • female (due to shorter and wider urethra, urethra closer to anus, increased risk with sexual activity, pregnancy)
  • cathetirised patients
  • abnormalities of the urinary tract
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6
Q

what are some gram positive causes of UTI?

A

-Enterococcus spp.

enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium

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7
Q

what organism usually causes UTIs in women of child bearing age?

A

-staphylococcus saphrophyticus

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8
Q

what bacteria causes a UTI and is associated with catheters and instrumentation?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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9
Q

what is pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to and not resistant to?

A

-resistant to most oral antibiotics except ciprofloxacin

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10
Q

what are symptoms of a UTI?

A
  • dysuria
  • frequency of urination
  • nocturia
  • haematuria

involvement of upper urinary tract:

  • fever
  • loin pain
  • rigors
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11
Q

what type of urine is most likely to be contaminated?

A

-first urine passed

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12
Q

what method of urine collection should be used in children and elderly?

A

‘clean catch’ urine

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13
Q

what method of urine collection should be used in babies?

A

bag urine

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14
Q

what is a boricon container?

A
  • a specimen container that contains boric acid (preservative) to stop bacterial multiplying
  • this works for 24 hours
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15
Q

what is a sterile universal container?

A
  • a specimen container

- must reach lab within 2 hours of collection

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16
Q

what on dipstick may indicate infection?

A
  • leukocyte esterase
  • nitrites (indicate presence of bacteria in urine as some bacteria reduce nitrates to nitrites)
  • protein
  • blood
17
Q

what will be seen on microscopy of urine of someone with a UTI?

A
  • only done on selected (urgent) cases

- look for presence of polymorphs (pus ells), bacteria +/- red cells

18
Q

what Criteria is used for determining chance of having a UTI?

A

Kass’s criteria

18
Q

what Criteria is used for determining chance of having a UTI?

A

Kass’s criteria

19
Q

is antibiotic treatment required in asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

not unless pregnant

20
Q

what is bacterial cystitis/ urethral syndrome?

A