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renal > physiology endocrine control of body fluid volume and composition > Flashcards

physiology endocrine control of body fluid volume and composition Flashcards

1
Q

role of ADH?

A

increases water reabsorption (this is also known as vasopressin)

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2
Q

role of aldosterone?

A
  • increases Na+ reabsorption

- increases H+ and K+ secretion

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3
Q

role of atrial natriuretic hormone?

A

-decreases Na+ reabsorption

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4
Q

role of PTH?

A
  • increases calcium reabsorption

- decreases phosphate reabsorption

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5
Q

what is the permeability like for water and urea in distal tubule?

A

-low permeability to water and urea

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6
Q

what increases the distal tubules permeability for water and urea?

A

-ADH

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7
Q

what can the distal tubule be split into?

A

-early and late segment

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8
Q

role of early distal tubule?

A

NaCl reabsorption using Na+-K+- 2Cl transporter

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9
Q

role of late distal tubule?

A

Ca2+ reabsorption
H+ secretion
Na+ reabsorption
K+ reabsorption

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10
Q

what can the collecting duct be split into?

A

early and late portions

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11
Q

what is the late collecting ducts permeability like for ions and water?

A
  • low ion permeability

- permeability to water (and urea) influenced by ADH

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12
Q

what secreted ADH?

A

-posterior pituitary

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13
Q

what triggers secretion of ADH?

A
  • when you become dehydrated

- causing increase in plasma osmolarity which is detected in the hypothalamus causing secretion of ADH

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14
Q

what occurs to water in collecting ducts in presence of ADH?

A

-water moves from collecting duct lumen along the osmotic gradient into the medullary interstitial fluid this enabling hypertonic urine formation

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15
Q

what occurs to water permeability and urine in high ADH?

A
  • high water permeability

- hypertonic urine (up to 1400 mos mol/l)

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16
Q

what occurs to water permeability and urine in low ADH?

A
  • low water permeability

- hypotonic urine (<50 mosmol/l)

17
Q

what does hypertonic urine mean?

A

-small amount very concentrated urine

18
Q

what are the receptors in the hypothalamus that detect dehydration called?

A

osmoreceptors

19
Q
A
20
Q

what can diabetes insipidus be split into?

A
  • central diabetes insipidus

- nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

21
Q

what are some symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

A
  • large volumes of dilute urine (up to 20 litres per day)

- constant thirst

22
Q

what is diabetes insipidus?

A

-rare form of diabetes where they do not produce enough ADH

23
Q

what is treatment for diabetes insipidus?

A

ADH replacement

24
Q

what stimulates ADH?

A
  • hypothalamic osmoreceptors

- activation of left atrial stretch receptors (decreased atrial pressure leads to increased ADH release)

25
Q

what occurs to ADH if there is stimulation of stretch receptors in upper GI tract?

A

-this exceeds feed forwards inhibition of ADH

26
Q

what is the effect of nicotine and alcohol on ADH?

A
  • nicotine stimulates ADH release

- alcohol inhibits ADH release

27
Q
A
28
Q

what is aldosterone?

A

-steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex

29
Q

when is aldosterone secreted?

A
  • In response to rising [K+] or falling [Na+]. in the blood

- activation of the renin angiotensin system

30
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

-stimulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion (Na+ retention contributes to an increased blood volume and pressure)

31
Q

control of renin release from granular cells in JGA slide

A
32
Q

what produces ANP?

A

-atrial cella in the heart

33
Q

when is ANP released?

A

-when the atrial muscle cells are stretched due to an increase in circulating plasma volume

34
Q

what does ANP promote?

A
  • excretion of Na+ and diuresis, thus decreasing plasma volume
  • also exerts effects on the cardiovascular system to lower blood pressure

renal (37 decks)

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