anatomy of upper urinary tract Flashcards
role of the kidneys in urinary tract?
-produce urine
role of the ureter in the urinary tract?
-drains urine from the kidney to the bladder
role of the bladder in the urinary tract ?
-stores/ voids (empties) urine
role of the urethra in the urinary tract?
-excretes urine (and semen in males)
what are the parts of the upper urinary tract?
- they kidneys
- the ureters
what are the parts of the lower urinary tract?
- the bladder
- the urethra
what does a lower urinary tract infection involve?
-the bladder and the urethra
which components or the urinary tract are in the abdomen?
- kidneys
- proximal ureters
THESE STRUCTURES ARE ALSO RETROPERITONEAL (SIT BEHIND THE PERITONEAL CAVITY)
what structures of the urinary tract are in the pelvis?
- the distal ureters
- the bladder
- the proximal urethra
what structure of the urinary tract is found in the perineum?
the distal urethra
what does retroperitoneal suggest?
-behind peritoneal cavity
what is lateral to the right kidney?
-anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (3 layers external oblique, internal oblique and transverses abdomens)
what is medial to the right kidney?
-renal hilum/ root of the kidney
right renal vein (most anterior), right renal artery (posteriorly) and right ureter (inferiorly)
what immediately surrounds the kidney?
renal capsule
what is anterior to the kidney?
- renal capsule (immediately surrounds)
- perinephric fat
- renal (deep) fascia
- paranephric fat
- visceral peritoneum
what sits posteriorly to the kidneys?
- posterior abdominal wall muscles
- most posteriorly is quadratus lumborum
- postero medial is psoas major
what can protect the kidneys from trauma?
-muscle guarding (when muscles are held in a partial state of readiness to act)
what structure is highlighted pink?
-abdominal aorta
what structure is highlighted pink?
left renal artery
what structure is highlighted pink?
left kidney
what structure is highlighted pink?
left quadratus lumborum
what structure is highlighted pink?
-vertebral body
what structure is highlighted pink?
muscles of the back
what structure is highlighted pink?
right psoas major
what structure is highlighted pink?
right kidney
what structure is highlighted pink?
right renal vein
what structure is highlighted pink?
inferior vena cava
describe exactly where the kidneys lie?
- lie anterior to quadratus lumborum and lateral to psoas major
- lateral to the lower thoracic/upper lumbar vertebral bodies
- due to the size of the liver the right kidney lies at a slightly inferior vertebral body (L1-L3 vertebra) than the left kidney (T12-L2 vertebra)
- posterior to the floating ribs (11 and 12)