Uterine Disorders Flashcards
What lines the endometrium?
Glandular epithelium
What lymph nodes do most uterine/ovarian neoplasms invaded?
Pelvic lymph nodes
The proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle is driven by what hormone?
Estrogen
S shaped glands of the endometrium correspond to what phase of the menstrual cycle?
Secretory phase
Menses correlates with a fall in what hormones?
E2
Progesterone
An Arias-Stella Reaction is indicative of what processes?
Pregnancy
Define menometrorrhagia.
Heavy, irregular periods
Define amenorrhea.
Lack of menstruation
Define menorrhagia.
Heavy or prolonged bleeding
Define metrorrhagia.
Irregular periods
Contrast adenomyosis with endometriosis.
Adenomyosis- endometrial glands in uterine wall
Endometriosis- endometrial glands outside the uterus
(Both refer to endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal location)
Describe the nuclei of a leiomyoma.
Cigar shaped
What is the malignant counterpart to the leiomyoma?
Leiomyosarcoma
Lynch syndrome predisposes to the formation of what uterine cancer?
Endometrial carcinoma
What is another name for Lynch syndrome?
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
How does endometrial carcinoma typically present?
Vaginal bleeding
Endometrial carcinoma is often preceded by endometrial hyperplasia, what risk factors are associated with endometrial carcinoma?
Prolonged use of estrogen without progestins
Obesity
Nulliparity
Lynch syndrome
What part of the colon is involved in CRC in a patient with Lynch syndrome?
Proximal
What mismatch repair genes are involved in Lynch syndrome?
MLH1
MSH2
Which gene is most likely mutated in a woman with an endometrial serous carcinoma?
p53
What is the most common tumor in females?
Leiomyoma
What race are leiomyomas more common in?
Blacks
What occurs to a leiomyoma during pregnancy? What about during menopause?
Pregnancy- increases in size
Menopause- decreases in size
(estrogen sensitive)
How do you treat adenomyosis?
GnRH agonist
Hysterectomy
What is the most common site of endometriosis?
Ovary (frequently bilaterally)
What condition is often described as a blood-filled chocolate cyst?
Endometriosis of the ovary
What are treatment options of endometriosis?
NSAIDs OCPs Progestin GnRH agonist Danazol Surgery
What is used to treat endometritis?
Gentamicin
Clindamycin
Endometrial hyperplasia is a risk factor for developing what cancer?
Endometrial carcinoma
What are risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia?
Hormone replacement
PCOS
Granulosa cell tumor
What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?
Endometrial carcinoma
