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Life Cycles > Breast Histology/Benign Disease > Flashcards

Breast Histology/Benign Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What composes the breast stroma?

A

Adipose tissue

Fibrous tissue

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2
Q

What are the 2 main components of the breast?

A

Epithelial (glandular) component

Stromal component

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3
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the breast?

A

Axillary nodes
Supraclavicular nodes
Mediastinal nodes

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4
Q

What is the most common lymphatic site breast cancer spreads to?

A

Axillary nodes

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5
Q

What comprises a terminal duct lobular unit?

A

Acini

Terminal duct

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6
Q

Describe the lining of the breast ductual system.

A

2 cell layer epithelium
Epithelial cell layer- produces milk
Myoepithelial cell layer- outer layer that expells milk

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7
Q

What is a breast lobule?

What is a breast lobe?

A

Lobule- collection of terminal duct lobular units

Lobe- collection of lobules (women have ~15-20 lobes)

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8
Q

How does the male breast differ from female breast?

A

It lacks lobules

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9
Q

What hormonal/physiologic changes take place in the breast tissue at the time of puberty?

A

Stimulation by E/P

Formation of lobules

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10
Q

What physiologic changes take place in the breast tissue during the menstrual cycle?

A

Increased size/nodularity of lobules

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11
Q

What physiologic changes take place in the breast tissue during pregnancy/lactation?

A

Epithelial vaculoization

Secretion into lumen

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12
Q

What pysiologic changes take place in the breast tissue during menopause?

A

Loss of terminal duct lobular units

Increased fatty tissue

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13
Q

What is the most common site of ectopic breast tissue?

A

Axilla

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14
Q

A congenital nipple retraction must be distinguished from what condition?

A

Advanced breast cancer

Cancer can be associated with fibrosis that pulls on the nipple/skin leading to involution

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15
Q

When is gynecomastia normal in men?

A

Newborn
Puberty
Elderly men

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16
Q

Why can gynecomastia occur in patients with liver disease?

A

Liver is site of estrogen metabolism

Liver disease leads to decreased estrogen metabolism

17
Q

Acute mastitis presents similarly to what malignant condition?

A

Inflammatory carcinoma

18
Q

How do you distinguish acute mastitis from inflammatory carcinoma?

A

Give antibiotics

If it does not clear with antibiotics, biopsy

19
Q

What is the cellular lining of the nipple?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

20
Q

Recurrent subareolar abscess is commonly associated with what environmental health factor?

A

Smoking

21
Q

Detail the changes that occur in recurrent subareolar abscess.

A

Squamous epithelial metaplasia
Abscess
Fistula opening at edge of areola

22
Q

What patients can be effected by recurrent subareolar abscess and what is the treatment?

A

Men/women

Surgery

23
Q

What is the most common cause of nipple discharge?

A

Intraductual papilloma

24
Q

What 3 benign lesions have malignant potential?

A

Intraductual papilloma
Phyllodes tumor
Sclerosing adenosis

25
Q

Contrast nonproliferative fibrocystic change with proliferative fibrocystic change.

A

Nonproliferative FCC: epithelial hyperplasia absent

Proliferative FCC: epithelial hyperplasia present

26
Q

How can sclerosing adenosis be differentiated from carcinoma?

A

Stain for myoepithelial cells

27
Q

A pathology report for a patient states that she has lobular carcinoma in situ. What side of the breast is at risk for malignancy?

A

Both

28
Q

FCC can be proliferative or nonproliferative. If it is proliferative, epithelial cell hyperplasia is present. How can epithelial cell hyperplasia progress to cancer?

A

Hyperplasia (ductal or lobular)
Atypical hyperplasia
D/L-CIS
Invasive carcinoma

29
Q

What distinguishes lobular atypical hyperplasia from lobular CIS?

A

Less than 50% duct involvement is atypical hyperplasia

More than 50% duct involvement is LCIS

30
Q

Is lobular carcinoma in situ associated with increased risk for invasive lobular or ductal carcinoma?

A

Both (IDC is actually more common, does not have to originate from the site of CIS)

Life Cycles (27 decks)

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