Malignant Breast Disease Flashcards
Both BRCA genes cary an increased risk for ovarian cancer. Which BRCA gene carries more of a risk?
BRCA1
Which BRCA gene is associated with an increased risk in male breast cancer?
BRCA2
What cancer syndrome, associated with breast cancer, is due to a mutation in P53?
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Aside from breast cancer, what other cancers are associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
Sarcoma (Breast) Leukemia Adrenal gland (SBLA cancer syndrome)
What is the p53 gene product?
p53 protein induces expression of p21
p21- TF that inhibits transition from G1 to S phase
What chromosome is p53 on?
17
What is the most important risk factor for a woman to develop breast cancer?
Age
What is DCIS that involves the nipple?
Paget disease
DCIS has 5 classic patterns. Describe the comedocarcinoma pattern.
Central area of necrosis
Low grade DCIS often expresses what hormonal receptors?
Estrogen
Progesterone
High grade DCIS often overexpress what receptor?
Her2/neu
What is the standard of care for DCIS?
Surgery
DCIS (especially the solid pattern) can be difficult to distinguish from LCIS. How can the molecular properties of LCIS be used to distinguish between the two?
LCIS has decreased expression of E-cadherin
E-cadherin is a cell to cell adhesion molecule
Does LCIS or DCIS form calcifications?
DCIS
Detail the increased risk for invasive carcinoma if a woman has DCIS vs LCIS.
DCIS- higher risk in ipsilateral breast
LCIS- higher risk in both breast
Does LCIS increase risk for invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma?
Both
What is the most common location of invasive carcinoma of the breast?
Upper outer quadrant
What is the most common breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive carcinoma extends beyond the basement membrane into the stroma. What cells that are part of the normal TDLU architecture are lost in carcinoma?
Myoepithelial cells
What breast tumor is well differentiated; always ER/PR positive, HER2 negative; and has a good prognosis?
Tubular carcinoma
Typically breast tumors that are “triple negative” portend a poor prognosis. Given this fact, why is it important to identify a medullary carcinoma?
Triple negative tumor
Good prognosis
An angiosarcoma of the breast is associated with what risk factors?
Radiation Chronic edema (Stewart-Treves syndrome)
What is the composition of a Phyllodes tumor?
Stroma
Epithelium
(leaf like appearance)
What is the most important prognostic factor for breast cancer?
Lymph node involvement
