Uterine Changes during the Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

What changes occur in the Uterus during the Menstrual Phase? (Day 1 -5)

Answer 1

Question 2

What changes occur in the Uterus during the Proliferative Phase?
(~10 Days)

Answer 2

Endometrium and myometrium (smooth muscle) begin to thicken due to the presence of estrogen

Question 3

What changes occur in the Uterus during the Secretory Phase
(Between Ovulation and Menstrual Phase

Answer 3

Question 4

Additional Effects of Estrogen

Answer 4

1. Stimulates fat deposition during puberty (on hips and breasts).
2. Stimulates bone growth and closure of the epiphyseal plate, protects against
   osteoporosis.
3. Protects against atherosclerosis by effects on blood vessels, plasma cholesterol and
   blood clotting.
4. Around the time of ovulation, estrogen causes the cervix to secrete a clear liquid that
   helps sperm on its path to the fallopian tubes and ovum.

Question 5

Menopause

Answer 5

Cessation of menstrual cycle for more than 12 months.

Question 6

Menopause

Estrogen therapy

Answer 6

• Estrogen therapy can reduce the symptoms of menopause, but is
  controversial because of the increased risk of breast and endometrial
  cancer
• Men experience andropause but hormonal changes are much less
  pronounced than menopause

andropause

Question 7

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