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KIN 131 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Functions of the Skeletal System?

A
  1. Structural support
  2. Protection
  3. Mineral storage
  4. Blood cell production
  5. Leverage
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2
Q

What are the 2 Types of Bone?

A

Compact Bone
&
Spongy Bone

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3
Q

What is Compact Bone?

A
  • Dense, smooth, homogeneous appearance
  • AKA cortical bone
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4
Q

What is Spongy Bone?

A
  • More porous (like a sponge!)
  • AKA trabecular bone
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5
Q

What are the 5 Shape of Bone?

A
  1. Long
  2. Flat
  3. Short
  4. Irregular
  5. (Sesamoid)
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6
Q

Label

A
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7
Q

What is the Diaphysis?

A

the shaft of the bone, comprised mainly of compact bone

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8
Q

What are the Epiphyses?

A

the ends of long bones, spongy bone covered by compact bone
(proximal and distal)

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9
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Line?

A

remnant of the epiphyseal plate (cartilage that turns to bone at the end of puberty)

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10
Q

What is Articular Cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage, covers the epiphyses and decreases friction at joint articulations

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11
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity?

A

central cavity in the diaphysis

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12
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

protective connective tissue that covers the diaphysis

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13
Q

What is the Endosteum?

A

connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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14
Q

What is the Red Bone Marrow?

A

mostly found in the epiphyses of long bones (adults), creates red blood cells

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15
Q

What is the Yellow Bone Marrow?

A

found in the medullary cavity, stores adipose tissue (in adults)

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16
Q

What is the Central (Haversian) Canal?

A
  • Contain blood vessels and nerve supply
  • Lined with endosteum
17
Q

What are Perforating Canals?

A
  • Provide channels for blood vessels in central canals to to connect with blood vessels in the periosteum
18
Q

What are the Osteon (Haversian System)?

A
  • The functional unit of bone
  • Consists of lamellae and a central canal
  • Found in compact bone
19
Q

What is the Lacuna of the Osteon?

A

tiny cavity that houses osteocytes
(one osteocyte per lacuna)

20
Q

What is the Lamella of the Osteon?

A

thin layer of matrix in concentric arrangements around Lacunae

21
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

bone cells

22
Q

What are Canaliculi?

A

narrow passagewasy that extend from the lucunae into the lamallae

provide a passageway for nutrients to enter and waste products to be removed

23
Q

What are the 2 Layers of the Periosteum?
What is the Function?

A

Fibrous outer layer

  • Sharpey’s fibres

Cellular layer

  • Fibroblasts, osteogenic cells

Allows for tendon and ligament attachment

24
Q

What do Ligaments Connect?

A

Bone to Bone

25
Q

Flat, Short and Irregular Bone Anatomy

A
26
Q

Cell types in Compact vs Spongy Bone?

A
27
Q

What are Osteogenic Cells?
AKA Osteoprogenitor Cells

A
  • Stem cell found in bone
  • Can divide into osteoblasts
28
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Premature bone cell found in the periosteum—-

  • Secretes collagen
  • Bone builder
29
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A
  • Mature bone cell found in lacunae
  • Important for bone turnover and repair
30
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A
  • Multinucleated
  • Functions in bone resorption (the breakdown of bone matrix)
31
Q

label

A
32
Q

What is Ossification/Osteogenesis?

A

the process of producing new bone, takes place throughout the lifespan, important post-injury and for building stronger bones (in adulthood)

33
Q

What is Bone Resorption/Osteolysis?

A

the process of breaking down bone, important for regulating calcium and phosphate ion concentrations in the body

34
Q

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

A
  • Mesenchymal cells are used as the model framework
  • Mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into bone cells
35
Q

What is Endochondral Ossification?

A
  • Formation of bone cells in place of hyaline cartilage
  • Cartilage cells are used as a template (they do not become bone cells)
36
Q
A

KIN 131 (44 decks)

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