Homeostasis Flashcards
What is Homeostasis?
the dynamic process of maintaining a stable internal environment
What is Dynamic Constancy?
a given variable may fluctuate in the body in the short term but is stable and predictable in the long term
What is Equilibrium?
a state where the variable does not require an input of energy to maintain constancy
What is Steady State?
a state in which a variable in a system is not changing, but energy must be continuously added to maintain a stable, homeostatic condition
What are Reference Values?
often presented as “normal ranges,” available for many physiological measures (i.e., heart rate).
What is a Stimulus?
A stimulus produces change in a variable
What happens when we experience a stimulus?
- A Receptor detects the change
- Input: Info is sent via afferent pathways to the Control Center
- Output: Info is sent from CC via efferent pathways to an Effector
- Response by Effector feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus and returns variables to the homeostatic variable.
What is a Feedback System?
respond to a change after it has occurred
What is a Feedforward System?
anticipate a change that and elicit a response before it happens.
What is Positive Feedback?
Give an Example?
Accelerates a process by moving a variable further from a set point. Example: Oxytocin during childbirth
What is Negative Feedback?
Give an Example?
Minimizes changes from the set point of a system, leading to stability.
Example: Blood sugar regulation
What is Feedforward Regulation?
A change in a variable is anticipated, and a response is evoked to minimize fluctuations in the variable.
Example: Central command at the onset of exercise.
What is the differnce between Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy: The study of the physical structure and shape of the body and its components. Gross anatomy vs. microscopic?
Physiology: The study of how living organisms’ function and the mechanisms involved
Gross anatomy vs. microscopic?
Gross anatomy, also known as macroscopic anatomy, involves the study of structures visible to the naked eye and typically examines organs, tissues, and organ systems at a visible scale.
Microscopic anatomy, on the other hand, involves the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. It includes histology, which examines cells and tissues using microscopes.
The study of how whole organ systems function is called…
Physiology
