Metabolism 2

Question 1

Where does Oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 1

Takes place in the mitochondrial membrane

Question 2

What happens to Pyruvate after Glycolosis?

Answer 2

NAD+ is oxidized to form NADH + H+

Question 3

What happens to Acetyl Coenzyme A?

Answer 3

Enters the Kreb Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

Question 4

Where does the Krebs Cycle takes place?

Answer 4

Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

Which enzyme is involved with Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA Reaction?

Answer 5

Acetyl-CoA &
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Question 6

What enzymes are involved in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 6

Citrate Synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 7

What is Isocitrate Dehydrogenase?

Answer 7

Rate-Limiting Enzyme
first enzyme to run out and cause the pathway to stop

Question 8

How much ATP is produced in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 8

1 ATP produced per cycle
(per pyruvate)

Question 9

Is the Krebs Cycle Aerobic or Non-Aerobic?

Answer 9

Aerobic – but does not directly use O2
OXPHOS is necessary for the regeneration of NAD+

Question 10

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)?
Where does it take place?

Answer 10

The main source of ATP at low and moderate levels of muscle contraction

Proteins that mediate OXPHOS are found embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane (the ETC)

Question 11

What is the charge of the intermembrane space?

Answer 11

Intermembrane space is positevely charged relative to matrix

Question 12

ETC

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe What is happeneing

Answer 13

5 Complexes embedded b/w intermitochondrial membrabe

Electron is donated to C1 and gets passed along the Complexes

Protons move from matrix to intermembrane space
This cause the intermembrane space to be more positevly charged

Protons need to go through ATP synthase to pass the membrane, this energy allows for phopholyzation of ATP

Question 14

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 14

O2

Question 15

Net Result of ATP

Answer 15

34-38 ATP
2 from glycolosis
2 from krebs cycle
30-34 from OXPOX + ETC

Question 16

Question 17

Where is the most energy stored in our body?
Where are they stored?

Answer 17

Fat accounts for ~80% of the energy stored in the body
stored in specialized cells called adipocytes

Question 18

What makes up adipose tissue

Answer 18

Clusters of adipocytes

Question 19

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

Answer 19

Question 20

Where does Beta Oxidation take place? Is it Aerobic or anareobic?

Answer 20

• Aerobic (does not directly use oxygen)
• Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 21

What is Beta Oxidation?

Answer 21

Cycle repeats every time 2 Carbons get broken off

Question 22

How much ATP does Fat breakdown generate?
Compared to Glucose?

Answer 22

The catabolism of an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid yields 146 ATP
Catabolism of one glucose molecule yields a maximum of 38 ATP

Question 23

What is the best option for energy production at different times?

Answer 23

Answer

Question 24

What is Glycogen?

Answer 24

stored form of glucose

Question 25

What is The Oxygen-Debt (EPOC)?

Answer 25

Following muscle activity, [glycogen] and [CP] have decreased
These energy-storing compounds need to be replaced  this requires ATP

• The muscle continues to consume O2 to replenish these compounds
• O2 is also needed to metabolize accumulated lactate from metabolism

Evidenced by the fact that you continue to breath deeply after exercise

Question 26

Explain

Answer 26

Increased oxygen consumption post-exercise repays the oxygen-debt – increased production of ATP by OXPHOS post-exercise restores the energy reserves in the form of CP and glycogen