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2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank > usmle rx micro > Flashcards

usmle rx micro Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

erythemia infectiosum treatmen

A

no txt self remitting

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2
Q

inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mrna

A

aminoglycoside gentamycin

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3
Q

inhibiting RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin

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4
Q

inhibits formation of mycolic acid

A

isoniazid

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5
Q

positive quelling test or capsular swelling test in pneumonia pt means wat bactria?
also txt if pt is allergic to penicillin?

A

stept pneumonia

macrolide

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6
Q

most common cause of nocosomial UTI that produces a red pigment

A

serratia gram negative

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7
Q

actinomyces israelii txt of choice

A

penicillin G

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8
Q

what is the infectious form of chlamydia

A

extracellular elementary body

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9
Q

whooping cough agent and growing media

A

Bordetella pertussis

bordet gengou medium

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10
Q

Bordetella pertussis exotoxin

A

inc cAMP activity by disabling Gi ….. impairing phagocytosis

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11
Q

when amd how can u treat whooping cough

A

only in the first stage when symp are flu like by doxycycline

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12
Q

Loffler medium

A

cornycobaterium diptheria

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13
Q

diptheria toxin mechanism

A

inactivate elongation facto 2

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14
Q

eaton agar

A

M pneumonia

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15
Q

Thayer martin

A

nisseria gonorrhea

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16
Q

mac conkey

A

lactose fermenting agents

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17
Q

Lowenstein

A

M TB

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18
Q

brown colonies on mac conkey means what

A

non lactose fermenting

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19
Q

s pyogenes major virulence factor

A

M protein

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20
Q

anopheles mosquito can transmit

A

malaria

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21
Q

kala azar / leishmania can be transmitted by

A

sandfly

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22
Q

when can u suspect osteomyelitis with candida

A

IV drug user

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23
Q

describe RSV

A

paramyxovirus, RNA enveloped and non segmented

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24
Q

RNA double stranded segemented

A

reovirus (Colorado tick) and rota

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25
Q

which virus causes cancer by inactivating p53 and rb gene

A

HPV through E6 7

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26
Q

pastruella multicoida txt

A

even though gram negative… amoxi clavulonic acid are best

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27
Q

hypoechoic lesion of the liver plus eosinophilia pst 6 monmths with diarrhea
and the DD

A

tapeworm ecchinococus granulosus

DD Entamoeba histiolitica… this has no eosinophilia and it is more acuuuute 1-2 weeks

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28
Q

pharyngoconjunctival fever symptoms in a child are caused by

A

adenovirus, naked icosahedral dsDNA

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29
Q

circular RNA viruses

A

Dhey Are Balls
Deltavirus
Arena
Bunya

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30
Q

kid eats at vendors from mexico … days of bloody diarrhea fatigue and irritability .. diagnosis and what further tsting needs to be done

A

EHEC ….. HUS so check for kidney function

triad of renal failure, anemia and thrombocytopenia

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31
Q

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

Colorado… deer mouse droppings…. headaches fever arthralgias

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32
Q

flea bite, painful lymphadenopathy, DIC and sepsis

A

Yersinia pestis

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33
Q

most common cause of common cold

A

rhinovirus… picornavirus non enveloped single stranded RNA

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34
Q

uncomplicated UTI young patient … e coli what treatment to give

A

tmx sulfmethoxazole … this can cause macrocytic anemia due to folatre deficiency

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35
Q

mononucleosis like but owl eye appearance on histo image

A

CMV

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36
Q

vancomycin has activity against what kind of bacteria

A

only gram positive

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37
Q

gram negative rods respod well to

A

aztreonam

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38
Q

mumps symptoms

A

parotiditis, orchitis, meningitis

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39
Q

release of oxygen radicles that cause damage to epithelium

A

mechanism of mycoplasma pneumonia… children > 5 years

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40
Q

bronchiolitis in child < 5 years caused by

A

RSV…. has a fusion protein which can cause cells to merge

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41
Q

pt with abd distention and tenderness… normal bowl habits but hepatomegaly… swims in amazon … wat could cause this ditetion

A

schistosoma mansoni ….. in fresh water… causes portal hyp

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42
Q

meningitis india ink positive with encapsulated organism is ……
txt?

A

Cryptococcus …. start with amphotericin B and then flucytosine

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43
Q

enfuvirtide mechanism

A

blocks fusion by gp41

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44
Q

raltegravir

A

integrase inhibitor

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45
Q

hypothyroidism post viral illness

A

de quervain thyroditis

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46
Q

hashimoto thyroiditis has specific cells what are they called

A

hurthle cells … lymphoid aggregates

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47
Q

main virus causing pericarditis

A

coxsackie B … small single stranded naked icosahedral virus

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48
Q

double stranded segmented virus

A

reo —- rota and colti virus for colarado tick fever

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49
Q

ehrlichiosis

A

berry like cytoplasmic inclusions…fever headaches malaise and rasre rash on trunk legs and back
TICK VECTOR like for other rickettsia disease

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50
Q

enterobius vermicularis

A

pinworm tapeworm … anal pruritic txt mebendezole

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51
Q

wel felix reaction is a specific test for

A

riocky mountain fever

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52
Q

what is the most specific test for sypyhilis

A

fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test FTA ABS

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53
Q

nocosomial uti that grows in sheep blood agarwith discolouration
and txt?

A

enterococci

ampicillin is gooood

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54
Q

HIV infection explain mechanism

A

HIV gp 120 binds cd4 t cell … this later binds to ccr5 on macrophasges or cxcr4 on t cells

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55
Q

urethritis in a male

A

c.tracomatis or nisseria gonorrhea …. brown inclusion bodies can be seen … txt with azithromycon

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56
Q

which antifungal binds tubulin

A

griseufulvin txt for tinea corporis pedis etc

57
Q

coxsackie b vuirus is from thw family of

A

picornaviridae

58
Q

oocytes in the stool

A

cryptosporidium

59
Q

eggs in stool `

A

ascaris lumbricoids

60
Q

locus ceruleus is site of what neurotrans

A

norepi

61
Q

raphe nucleus

A

serotonin

62
Q

ventral tegmentum and subs niagra

A

dopamine

63
Q

6 year old boy, extensive rash withy itchy macules papules and pustules in various stages of healing

A

chicken pox ,.,,, vzv

64
Q

working near bats or birds …palatal tongue ulcers splenomegaly… ohio state …. coin lesions

A

histoplasmosis

65
Q

most common in desert areas like Arizona … spores must be inhaled … desrt bump erythema nodosum … desrt arthritis

A

coccidomycosis

66
Q

a cyst with thick walls and intracystic bodies

A

pneumocystis jiroveci…

67
Q

dimorphic fungi cigar shaped budding yeast

A

sporothrix schenkci

68
Q

a mold with v shape branching at 45 degrees

A

aspergillus

69
Q

hepadenavirus family

A

hep B

70
Q

gram negative coccobacillus

A

h.influenza

71
Q

pt has a MVP or a damaged valve what is the most common condition he can get

A

subacute endocarditis with microemboli

roth spots, osler nodes

72
Q

chlamydia txt

A

azithromycin add doxy to cover gonorrhea

73
Q

presence of cold agglutinin in serum indicate what bacteria

A

mycoplasma pneumo

74
Q

txt of mycoplasma pneumo, rickettsia, chlamydia, borrelia

A

tetracycline

75
Q

which virus remains dormant in the trigeminal ganglion as an apisome which can be viewed in miicroscopy

A

HSV 1

76
Q

hemagglutinin abd neuroamidase

A

H promotes entry

N releases progeny virus

77
Q

undulant fever after eating milk products

A

Brucella species

78
Q

group b strept is most common cause of meningitis in children at what age

A

less than 3 months

79
Q

txt for hemophilus influenza

A

amoxicillin clavulonate

80
Q

post joint replacement surgery what bacteria can cause septic arthritis

A

staph aureus

81
Q

bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia

A

HUS

82
Q

transduction

A

gene transfer through a bacteriophage… need a vector

83
Q

transformation

A

when cells die the dna is released and this can be taken up by other bacteria no vector needed

84
Q

seizures can be a side effect of wat antibiotic

A

metronidazole

85
Q

tzank smear tests what

A

HSV

86
Q

VLDRL tests what

A

syphillis

87
Q

painful ulcer with VLDRL and tzank negative diagnose and txt

A

chancroid, h duceryi

treat with cefrtriaxone on etime 250 mg intramusc injection

88
Q

yellow fever has a typical presentation … a sign

A

faget sign… high fever with bradycardia
plus involvement of zone 2 is commonly seen
may see councilman bodies eosinophilic globules

89
Q

barking cough caused by

A

parainfluenza

90
Q

rubella

A

fever preceds the rash and resolves before the rash …… post auricular lymphdnpthy is common toooooo

91
Q

neonate with purulent discharge from umbilicis for a day with irritability and fever with large fluid filled blisters

A

Scalded skin syndrome…. staphylococcal….. binding of exotoxins to desmosome

92
Q

most common meningitis agents in 0-6 months

A

grp b, ecoli, listeria

93
Q

which has a higher rate of infectivity Hep B or C

A

hep c then c

94
Q

budding yeast with pseudohyphae

A

candida

95
Q

vision changes in HIV patient who has contact with pigens

A

Cryptococcus ….. enapsulated

96
Q

how can one contract histoplasmosis

A

ohio area,,,, bird bat droiping

97
Q

rabies virus description

A

rhabdovirus….SS enveloped and helical

98
Q

wchich protozoa can cause bloody diarrhea

A

entamoeba histyolitica

99
Q

eosinophilic inclusion surrounded by clear halo … in vzv

A

cowdry a bodies

100
Q

call exner bodies

A

granulosa cell tumor

101
Q

how to empirically treat meningitis

A

ceftriaxone and vancomycin

102
Q

silver stain can be used to visualize?

how does it look?

A

legionella

yellow background…. brown stain

103
Q

homozygous for CCR5 mutation means what

A

vaccination angst HIV … CCR5 is on macrophages that enables virus entry

104
Q

pt has aids and presents with a specific skin lesion and edema

A

thin KAPOSCI sarcoma HHV8 …….. txt with alpha interferon

105
Q

bartonella angiomatosis

A

can present similar to kaposci sarcoma …. DD only made by biopsy and it is treated by erythromycin or doxycycline

106
Q

beta interferon can be used to treat

A

Multiple sclerosis

107
Q

hep b is a

A

DNA virus enveloped circular

108
Q

hep c

A

enveloped RNa flavivirus

109
Q

hep e

A

nonenveloped single stranded RNA virus

110
Q

hep d

A

small defective rna circular virus

111
Q

how to detect salmonella (growing media)

A

hektoen agar … black centers

112
Q

bloody diarrhea after exposure to fresh unfiltered water

A

E.histiolitica…. seen as trophozoites with ingesdted RBCS… txt metronidazole

113
Q

severe diarrhea in a pt with AIDS and oocysts on acid fast stain

A

cryptosporidium txt with nitazoxinide

114
Q

what is the mechanism of TSST 1 by staph

A

activation of t lymphocytes by cross linking MHC II

115
Q

bacterial vaginosis has a ph of?

A

5-6

116
Q

candida infection of the vagina ph

A

normal 3.4-4

117
Q

squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

schistosoma hematobium

118
Q

subacute endocarditis on previously infected valves

A

strept viridians …. alpha hemolyutic optochin resistnt

119
Q

severe pneumonia, elderly, diarrhea

A

legionella … silver stain

120
Q

rubella vs measles

A

rubella RASH FIRST then URI

121
Q

pt with HIV … worsening hemiparesis, visual disturbances and no signs on increased ICP

A

JC virus

122
Q

intranuclear basophilic inclusions

A

CMV

123
Q

intranuclear acidophilic cowdry type A

A

HSV

124
Q

classic signs of entamaeba histiolytica

A

travel to a developing country, increased ALT, mucoid bloody diarrhea

125
Q

if not treated syphilis infection can lead to

A

aortic insufficiency destroys vasa vasorum

126
Q

catheter related infection by a gram negative rod that produces RED pigment

A

serratia

127
Q

sodium stibogluconate used to treat?

A

leishmania Donovan … sandly … splenomegaly, malaise,hepatomegaly, weightloss

128
Q

selenium sulfide

A

malassezia furfur….. meatball appearance …. inea versicolor

129
Q

systemic treatment for infection with blastomycosis

A

amphotericin B

130
Q

green vaginal discharge

A

trichomonas ( wet mount shows mobile flagellated trophozoites… ph 7-8

131
Q

fishy odour vaginal disch

A

gardenerella vaginalis

132
Q

dimorphic fungus cigar shaped budding

A

sporthix schenkii

133
Q

doxycycline side effects

A

teeth discolouration and sun sensitivity

134
Q

glycoprotein capsue gram positive bacteria

A

strept pneumo

135
Q

spherules at 37 degrees and branched hyphaew at 25

A

coccidiomycosis

136
Q

tick bite… well demarcatd area with a black base

A

TULAREMIA

137
Q

Brucella transmitted via

A

contaminated milk or livestock

138
Q

fresh water ingestion… high fever… renal failure… hepatitis … myalgia

A

leptospirosis … animal urine …. spirochete

2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank (29 decks)

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