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2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank > immuno > Flashcards

immuno Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bouchard nodes

A

found on pip in OA

hard,bony outgrowths

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2
Q

RA finding in joints

A

bone cartilage erosion

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3
Q

origin of melanocytes

A

neural crest cells

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4
Q

notochord gives rise to

A

nucleus pulposus of the disc

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5
Q

mesoderm

A

connective tissue, muscle, bone, cartilage, cv organs, repro organs

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6
Q

endoderm

A

epithelial parts of GI tract, lungs, urethra

parenchyma of pancreas and liver

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7
Q

medullary cords conain

A

plasma cells and macrophages

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8
Q

paracortex

A

t cells …. absent in di george

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9
Q

extracellular pathogens are presented by wch MHC

A

MHC II invariant chain

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10
Q

3 alpha 1 beta globin chain

A

MHC 1 B2 globulin

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11
Q

cell surface molecule on all t cells

A

CD 3

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12
Q

CD 14

A

macrophages

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13
Q

CD 28

A

binds B7 onAPC

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14
Q

t cell receives first signal but no second signal what happens to this

A

anergy … known as peripheral tolerance

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15
Q

post gi infection child develops intusussception … why

A

peyer patches hyperplasia …. M cells present the antigen to B cells

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16
Q

job syndrome

A 
hyper igE …. inability of helper t cells to make interferon gamma
F coarse face 
Abscess
T retained primary Teeth
E igE
Derma eczema
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17
Q

antimicrosomal antibodies

A

hashimoto

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18
Q

pt has anemia, oral ulcers, photsensitivity rash but VDRL positive for syphilis too … whats the diag

A

SLE anti sm and an ds dna …. ths pt prbbly has antipohospholid antibodies that cross react with cardiolipin used in the vdrl test

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19
Q

pt has weakness and diplopia due to eyelids what tumor is assoc with this

A

thymoma

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20
Q

pts with sjogern syndrome are at high risk of wch cancer

A

non hodkin marginal b cell lymphoma

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21
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies are a hallmark for

A

PBC, autoimmune t cell atttackkkk on small intralobular bileducts

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22
Q

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis hypersensitivity type

A

type 3…. immune antibody complexes activate the complement

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23
Q

igA gomnephritis vs post strept

A

timeline … post strept after 3-6 weeks of infection with GAS

igA presents with nephritic syndrome concurrently with upper respt symptoms

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24
Q

lumpy bumpy subepithelial deposits

A

post strept

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25
Q

mesangial deposits seen in

A

igA nephropathy

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26
Q

cant see cant pee cant bend my knee

A

reactive arthritis ….. salmonella shigella Yersinia camphylobacer

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27
Q

graft vs host disease is a type of which hypsenstvty

A

typ 4

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28
Q

hematopoetic stem cells have CD

A

CD34

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29
Q

erythema nodosum describe it

A

inflammation of subcutaneous fat …. in corhns disease,uc, tb, coccidomycosis, histoplasmosis

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30
Q

tnf alpha inhbitors what should u be careful with

A

check for tb …. can activate latent tb as tnf is used for granuloma formation in tb

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31
Q

pt receives foreign proteins … develops rash, fever and glmnephritis in 10 days
why is this

A

serum sickness… type 3 …induction of affinity matured b cell resp takes abt a week

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32
Q

endotoxin present on gram negative cell wall that leads to septic shock

A

LOS like in niseria menigitidis

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33
Q

recurrent pyogenic infections, inability to mount an igM response, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

wiskot aldich ….

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34
Q

what is the site of self peptide loading on MHC1

A

rouigh endo (cytosolic or viral)

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35
Q

which common drug used in psych blocks the release of thyrpoid hormone

A

lithium

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36
Q

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition in CT

weakly birefiringent

A

pseudogout

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37
Q

nikolsky sign is seen in

A

pemphigus vulgaris … antidesmoglin

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38
Q

spike and dome apprnce

A

membranous glom

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39
Q

starry sky appearance on immunofluoresence

A

post strept glom

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40
Q

def of decay acc factor

A

PNH

41
Q

young patient hemoptysis with concurrent hematuria…. worked in dry cleanin

A

gooooodpasture …exposure to hydrocarbon solvent in cleaning dyes and cigarette

42
Q

increased wbc count and >20% blast lymphoblastic cell

A

ALL mostly in children, they have neutropenia

43
Q

birebeck granules are found in langerin cells which are APC in skin… these activate what type of cells?

A

T cells

44
Q

treatment of brutons agammaglobulinemia

A

IV immunoglobulin

45
Q

how is wiskott Aldrich different to brutons in terms of Ig

A

wiskot has increased igA and igE

46
Q

if ccd4 count is less than 185 pt is at risk of whch bacteria

A

listeria (intracellular)

extracellular can be controlled by humoral resp

47
Q

infection with helminths is monitored by

A

IgE that activates eosinophils

48
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia txt

A

corticosteroids firt line

49
Q

ascceding paralysis post diarrhea andfever

A

guillan barre ….. txt with immunoglobulins

50
Q

abo incompatibility reaction type

A

HSTN typ 2 …. igM attack the rbc

51
Q

HLA B 27 PAIR

A

psoriasis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reactive arthritis

52
Q

what cells are req to kill virally infected cells

A

NK cells

53
Q

T cell markers

A

CD 3 CD28

54
Q

B cell markers

A

CD 19 20 21

55
Q

NK markers

A

CD 16 56

56
Q

How are the numbers of b cells and nk cells in di George syndrome

A

normal

57
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

hhv8 , malignant prolif of spindle cells and endothelial cells

58
Q

GM CSF works on what precursor cell

A

myeloid stem cells

59
Q

pt develops recurrent candida inf … no HIV … wat cell is resp for this

A

T cells …. rare codition called chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

60
Q

tetanus diptheria and hep c vaccine can cause wat immunological reaction

A

arthus type 3

61
Q

which immunoglobulin opsonizes bacteria

A

igG

62
Q

recurrent pneumonia, ear inf, fungal inf and candida suggest wat

A

HIV … check for CD4

63
Q

CGD is diagnosed by what test

A

negative dehydrorhodamine test

64
Q

daclizumab

A

high affinity for il2 receptors

65
Q

sirolimus

A

binds to mtor protein and stops t cell prloif

66
Q

binds to fk binding protein

A

tacrolimus

67
Q

HLA DR5 what diseases are linked to this

A

hashimoto and pernicious anemia

68
Q

what does IL 1 do

A

increase hypothalamic set point temperature …. fever

69
Q

guillian barre mechanism

A

it is autoimmune

70
Q

in penicillin induced hemolytic anemia penicillin acts as a…

A

hapten

71
Q

what is a hapten

A

cannot illicit immune resp on its own.. needs to bind to a protein

72
Q

GVHD what organs are mostly effected .. also symptoms are related to this

A

gut diarrhea
skin rash
liver elevated alp

73
Q

kid with eczema, two rows of upper lower teeth and leathery skin with cold abscess, recurrent staph inf

A

job synd …. hyper igE ….th17 fail to produce il 17… leads to inability of neutrophils to respond top stimuli

74
Q

acute phase interleukin

A

il6 … 1, 8 TNF alpha

75
Q

immigrant from central America … childhood asthma and atopic dermatitis… presents with loss of eyebrows and eyelashes … diminished pinprick and light touch
what disease is this and what interleukin is imp for this pt

A

leprosy …. th1 mediated so interferon gama is imp

76
Q

lambert eaton …. mechanism

A

presynaptic ca channels ….. overstimiulation helps elicit a respoinse

77
Q

abnormally large platelet can be seen in

A

ITP … because body tries to make more platelets

78
Q

ITP mechanism

A

antibodies to gp11b IIIa …. low platelets, large platelet size

79
Q

low igM and increased igA and G

A

wiskot aldrich

80
Q

live attenuated vaccines illicit wat response

A

humoral and cell mediated

81
Q

examples of live vaccines Music and lYRICSS

A

MMR, yellow fever, Rubella, Influenza (intranasal), chickenpox VZV, smallpox, sabin polio

82
Q

inactive or killed vaccines

A

only humoral response

83
Q

examples of killed vaccines

A

RIP Always

Rabies, Influenza (injection), polio salk and HAV vaccines

84
Q

one spike of fever in a day … in children…. high wbc count … arthralgia … rash on body

A

systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

85
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

cANCA, lungs liver and nasopharyngeal symptoms

86
Q

follicles in lymph node

A

site for b cell maturation, pale centers are active

87
Q

how will b lymphocyte deficiency show up on LN histo

A

no follicles in cortex ,,,, treat with gamma globin injection

88
Q

pt with hodkin what type of graft

A

autogenic … no need for immunosuppression… least likely to be rejected

89
Q

diptheria vaccine type

A

toxoid ….

90
Q

pt has spider angioma and low igA what is the conditon

A

ataxia telangectasia …. triad of ataxia, immune def and spider angioma

91
Q

ataxia telengectasia mechanism

A

ATM gene defect… failure to repair double stranded breaks

92
Q

igm in free circulation can bind how many antigens

A

10

93
Q

kid has migratory polyarthritis and nodes in elbow

A

rheumatic fever /… auntoimmune

94
Q

azathioprine maine SE

A

bone marrow suppression

95
Q

dacalizumab mechanism

A

monoclonal ab that binds IL2 receptors

96
Q

reed sterberg cells mostly positive for

A

CD 15 and CD 30

97
Q

borrelia burdorferi is a …

A

spirochete cork screw shape

98
Q

def of metaloproteiase

A

TTP …. this breaks down large vWF muitimers

2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank (29 decks)

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