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2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank > resp onc 9 > Flashcards

resp onc 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

diffuse emphysema uniformly involving the lungs

A

panacinar emphysema except to see inc in ALT AST tooo

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2
Q

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with positive silver stain

A

e aspergillosis or pneumocystis jirovecii

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3
Q

FRC and RV in emphysema

A

increased values

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4
Q

disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol is an adverse effect associated with

A

metronidazole

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5
Q

SOB thick blood tinged sputum …. bilateral rhales and ronchi …. nasal polyps

A

bronchiectasis ,, bronchial walls have become thickened due to inflammation or infection

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6
Q

which lung volume change is similar in obstructive and restrive disease

A

both have decreased VC

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7
Q

what is IRV

A

the air that can be breathed in after normal quiet breathing

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8
Q

what is VC

A

IRV + TV + ERV

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9
Q

what happens to FRC in obs diesease

A

increased … ERV + RV = FRC ….. in obs disease the ERV andRV increase

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10
Q

when is it justified to withhold imp information from the patient

A
  1. if the physician has compelling evidence tht the news will cause serious harm to pt (depressed pt risk of suicide)
  2. making an informed choice for information to be withheld, pt must be capable of making decision
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11
Q

50 yr oild woman nagging cough …. occasional blood tinged sputum… dark coloured urine
mucosal ulcer in naris

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis …. check for ANCAS

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12
Q

pt has asthma and allergies …. eosinophilia

A

churg straus … eosinophilic granulomatosis with poly

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13
Q

H1 receptors involved in allergies are important for ?

A

central located H1 play a role in alertness

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14
Q

unconciouss man pneumonia .,.,. intact immune system and has poor dentition

A

anaerobic oral bacteria like peptostreptococuss….. bacteroides and fusobactrium
txt with … clindamycin

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15
Q

mechanism of clindamycin

A

blocks peptide transfer at 50s

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16
Q

what is chloride shift

A

HCO3- diffuses out of the RBCs in exchange for Cl

CO2 enters RBC … CA makes H2CO3 ….. broken into HCO3 and H+

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17
Q

Ground glass opacities on chest x-ray with a past history of alveolar insult and a PaO2/FiO2 < 300

A

ARDS

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18
Q

which conditions can cause ARDS and explain the pathophysiology

A

mainly due to alveolar damage that releases IL 1 , increases vessel permeability and causes hyaline deposition
alveolar insult caused by pneumonia, trauma, pacreatitis and SEPSIS (most common)

19
Q

honeycomb pattern on imaging due to enlarged air spaces surrounded by fibrotic tissue

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

Resistance occurs via selection of mutant strains that underexpress KatG, which encodes the catalase peroxidases that are necessary to activate

A

isoniazid

21
Q

acute otitis media and inaudible heart sounds to the left side … what could be the complication in this diisease

A

kartegener syndrome …. bronchiectasis

22
Q

negative PPD … night sweats but NEGATIVE PPD what is the diagnosis

A

nocardia … tmp smx

23
Q 
This patient with NYHA class II heart failure presents with swelling of the lips, tongue, and face 3 days after starting a medication that prevents ventricular remodeling
presents with swollen lips tongue and face … labored breathing not responsive to epinephrine or methylprednisolone
A

ACE I was give

bradykinin induced angiodema

24
Q

confidence interval tells us

A

f CIs do not overlap, the means of the groups differ significantly. If the CIs overlap, a significant difference between the means of the two groups is less likely.

25
Q

Quellung test result, which uses an anti-capsular antibody to elicit a “swelling” or “halo” surrounding the organism on microscopy

A

strept pneumo

optochin sens

26
Q

chronic hypoxia what would happen in the kidney

A

release of cytokine EPO from interstitial cells

27
Q

absolute vs relative erythrocytosis

A

relative is when rbc mass is normal in conditions like dehydration

28
Q

define and classify secondary erythrocytosis

A

appropriate (hypoxemaia)

inappropriate —- EPO released from RCC HCC

29
Q

Emphysema elastic recoil and compliance

A

low recoil due to damaged alveoli

increased compliance

30
Q

varicella zoster vesicular rash or macular

A

vesicular

31
Q

ntermittent wheezing, facial flushing, and diarrhea are symptoms of

A 
carcinoid synd
 increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
32
Q

Recurrent upper respiratory infections—coupled with a chronic cough with copious sputum, dyspnea, and hemoptysis
history of ectopic pregnancy

A

bronchiectasis,which encompasses the hallmark pulmonary manifestations of PCD

33
Q

cutaneous manifestation in sarcoidosis

A

erythema nodosum

34
Q

s (TMP-SMX) are the treatment of choice for pulmonary nocardiosis

A

inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase.

35
Q

ymptoms of malaise, headaches, fever, chills, and a nonproductive cough—in combination with fluffy bilateral infiltrates seen on a chest x-ray

A

atypical pneumonia.. txt macrolides

36
Q

which leukotrienes are bronchoconstrictors

A

LT C4, D4, E4

37
Q

PGI2

A

inhibits platelet aggreggation

38
Q

young boy underdevp tonsils, pneumonia

A

BTK gene mutated ,,, all ig classes are low

39
Q

Subepithelial immune complex deposition is associated with

A

group-A streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

40
Q

Antibodies targeting the phospholipase A2 receptor

A

membranouis nephropathy

41
Q

An enveloped RNA virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense, and non-segmented genome

A

corona virus common cold

42
Q

non-enveloped RNA virus with a double-stranded, and segmented genome

A

reoviridae

43
Q

non-enveloped RNA virus with a single stranded, positive-sense, and non-segmented genome

A

rhinovirus

44
Q

β-Hemolytic and bacitracin sensitive

A

strept pyogenes

2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank (29 decks)

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