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2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank > biochem block 2 > Flashcards

biochem block 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

RNA splicing is posttranslation or posttranscription

A

posttranscription

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2
Q

statins mechanism

A

COMPETITIVELY inhibit HMGcoA reductase

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3
Q

HIV screening test

A

p24…. not for antibodies at they devlop after 3- 7 weeeeks

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4
Q

HIV screening test timeline

A

ELISA high sensitivity

Western blot high specificity

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5
Q

why can ELISA be postive in babies born to HIV mums

A

gp120 can cross placenta

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6
Q

absence of 3 alpha chains

A

HBH

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7
Q

absence of 2 B chains

A

b thalassemia

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8
Q

cis and trans mutation of alpha thalassemia wch one can lead to hydrops fetalis

A

trans cannot ( one allele on both chromosomes is abn)

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9
Q

b tubulin polymerization takes place in wch part of cell cycle

A

M phase mitosis

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10
Q

Huntington disease what technique to confirm diagnosis

A

southern blotting

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11
Q

describe southern blot

A

labeled DNA probe to DNA sequences

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12
Q

technique used to detect antibody or antigen in a sample

A

ELISA

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13
Q

where to the enzymes go in I cell disease

A

exocytosis

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14
Q

cis golgi to ER

A

COPI retrograde

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15
Q

ER to cis golgi

A

COPII anterograde

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16
Q

what hormone is increased in men with kleinfelter

A

LH loss of leydig cell function

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17
Q

which proteins are formed as inactive precursors and are cleaved into active

A

insulin and chymotrypsin

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18
Q

CAH 21 vs 11

A

21 hypotension — syncope due to hypotension

11 hypertension

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19
Q

dopamine hydroxylase need what coenzyme

A

vit c

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20
Q

cyanide poisoning mechanism

A

iron in cytochrome oxidase is modified in ETC and this halts cellular respiration

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21
Q

acrid smell on breath

A

cyanide poisoning

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22
Q

txt with hydroxycobalamin

A

cyanide poisoning

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23
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

DNA alkylator which is activated by cytp450

24
Q

vincristine mechanism

A

also in M phase , binds to tubilin and stops microtubule formation ….. NO microtubules vs palitaxel which fixes microtubules

25
Q

edwards most common cardiac malformations

A

VSD pulm and aortic valve

26
Q

cleft lip, micropthalmia, mental retardation, cong heart disease

A

patau 13

27
Q

acute intermittent porphyria

A

porphobilinogen deaminase def

28
Q

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase def

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

buildup of uroporphyyrinogen III

29
Q

where does urea cycle take place

A

initial steps in mitochondia and then cytosol

30
Q

chloramphenicol mechanism and uses

A

blocks 50s petidyltransferase,

txt for meningtitis caused by h.ingluenza, strept pneumonia and nisseria

31
Q

clindamycin

A

txt anaerobic above diaphragm

32
Q

inhibit peptide movement from site A to site P

A

clindamycin

33
Q

Biopterin

A

can be synthesied by ones body

34
Q

non comp inhibitor means what ( km and vmax)

A

same km but diff v max

35
Q

what technique is used to confirm hiv diagnosis

A

western blot

36
Q

CD40 L

A

hyper igM

37
Q

def of acetyl coa carboxylase

A

dysf of fatty acid syntehsis need malonym coA

38
Q

what essential amino acid is used to make thyrpid hormone

A

phenylalanine (tyrosine residues)

39
Q

detemine genotype of embryos

A

PCR— must amplify DNA

southern can only be used to detect DNA segemtns`

40
Q

which substrate from TCA inhibits a rate limiting step in glycolysis and FA synthesis

A

citrate made from oxaloacetate
citrate can inhibit phosphofuctokinase
and it can activate acetyl coa carboxylase

41
Q

CAH mnemonic

A

11,17 HYPERtension (1 in begining)

11,21 VIRILIZATION

42
Q

what happens to HBS in times of crises

A

decreases affinity for oxygen …. shifts curve to right

43
Q

calcium calmodulin complex activates what in smoooth muscle cell

A

myosin light chain kinase

44
Q

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

A

oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate

45
Q

rate limiting step of glyolysis

A

PFK …… citrate can regulate this enzyme

46
Q

alanin can regulate which enzyme in glycolysis

A

pyruvate kinase —– Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

47
Q

what happens when ammonia levels are high

A

alpha ketogluterate is used to make glutamine

48
Q

hallucinations delusions and dialated pupils

A

LSD

49
Q

congenital pancytopenia, renal abn, polydactyly, microencephaly

A

fanconi anemia … treat with bone marrow transplant

50
Q

which factor has a role in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathwy

A

factor 2

51
Q

rate limiting step of renal gluconeogenesis

A

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

52
Q

pt has pancreatitis and blood appears milky what is the condition

A

type1 dyslipidemia, lipoprotein lipase def … this enzymes breaks down chylomicrons

53
Q

what activates lipoprotein lipase

A

apo cII

54
Q

failure of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow

A

diamond blackfan anemia

55
Q

DNA repair defect causing what type of anemia

A

fanconi

56
Q

drug inhibits cell in prophase

A

Therefore, a drug that inhibits the function of the microtubules, kinesins, kinetochores, or centromere would severely impair the assembly of the spindle apparatus and force the cells to arrest in prophase

2024 - élo - usmle rx qbank (29 decks)

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