USMAN HAMEED GEO TEST 2

Question 1

To which Pakistan exports the highest value of goods?

From which Pakistan imports the highest value of goods?

– Which Pakistan both exports goods to and imports goods from?

Answer 1

• Exports to = USA
• Imports from = China
• Exports to and imports from = China

Question 2

What is the difference between GNP and GDP?

Answer 2

• GNP is the production by nationals both within and outside Pakistan
• GDP is domestic production from within a country regardless of who
  produced it

Question 3

State two of Pakistan’s main exports and two of its main imports

Answer 3

Exports: Rice + sugar
Imports: Iron + chemicals

Question 4

Describe the changes in the types and value of goods imported and
exported by Pakistan in recent years.

Answer 4

• fewer food products are imported
• imports of fuel energy are decreasing
• imports of high value/capital goods has increased
• imports of consumer goods have decreased

Question 5

Explain how trading blocs and currency exchange rates affect
Pakistan’s trade. You should develop your answer.

Answer 5

Trading blocs:

• members have a free trade agreement which encourages trade between member states
• Pakistan is a member of ECO/ASEAN but some trade barriers remain

CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES:

• Determine the cost of imports and the value of exports therefore the
  increase or decrease of the PK Rupee is significant to trade
• Currency appreciation means that imports are cheaper this can increase trade as Pakistan can afford to import more goods

Question 6

In 2017 Pakistan’s balance of trade was affected by a 0.2 per cent
decrease in the value of its exported goods and a 5.1 per cent increase
in the value of imported goods. Read the following two views:

View A:

Pakistan could decrease the amount of cheap goods imported to
improve the balance of trade.

View B:

Pakistan could export goods to a wider number of countries to improve
the balance of trade.

Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your
answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider
View A and View B in your answer.

Answer 6

Agree with View A:

• Pakistan could manufacture many of the products that it imports creating
  jobs

Disagree with View A:

• Pakistan does not have resources to manufacture goods that it imports as it would cost too much to make the products

Agree with View B:

• Pakistan currently only exports to five main countries as increasing the number of countries that Pakistan can export to will mean that Pakistan will increase manufacturing

Disagree with View B:

• it may not be possible to make trade agreements with more countries as there is a lot of competition for trade

Evaluation:

• That both ideas are necessary for improving Pakistan’s balance of trade

Question 7

Define ‘unemployment’.

Answer 7

People are working fewer hours than they wish

Question 8

Suggest 2 reasons for underemployment and unemployment

Answer 8

Reasons for unemployment:

• rapidly growing population
• mechanisation of farming

Reasons for underemployment:

• jobs may be seasonal e.g. cotton picking;
• increased use of technology

Question 9

How can underemployment and unemployment influence GDP in pakistan

Answer 9

• reduces GDP
• under-utilization of human resources results in low GDP
• wages decrease therefore taxes collected are reduced leading to low
  GDP

Question 10

Name 2 jobs in informal sector

Answer 10

• street vendors
• fruit seller

Question 11

Explain how employment opportunities are affected by the availability of manual labor and skilled labor in Pakistan. You should develop the answer.

Answer 11

Manual labour:

• abundance of manual labour will promote low paid primary activities
  thereby reducing employment opportunities
• less manual labour means fewer people to do the low paid primary jobs
  such as farming resulting in low output

Skilled labour:

• Abundance of skilled labour will encourage international companies to
  invest in Pakistan thereby promoting employment opportunities
• less skilled labour limits employment opportunities and development in the secondary and tertiary sectors limiting competition with other countries

Question 12

Pakistan’s literacy rate… [6]

Answer 12

higher literacy rates may increase people’s employment opportunities
because:

• it would make people more attractive to employers as
  more skilled people bigger range of jobs open to them especially in the public sector
• people in education and training for longer will not join unemployment statistics at 16 which may encourage people to seek jobs overseas

higher literacy rates may not increase people’s employment opportunities because:

• may not be enough jobs for people with literacy skills so Pakistan needs to invest further in secondary and tertiary industry to create jobs
• Pakistan needs to attract increased foreign investment to create jobs;