M/J 2021 Flashcards
State 2 uses of gypsum and Limestone.
Gypsum: Cement, fertilizers
Limestone: Iron, glass
Explain two human factors influencing the location of a cement factory. You should develop your answer
- Availability of natural gas; used as a cheap fuel to keep costs
down - Demand for export markets; to improve balance of payments
Define ‘Sustainable’.
Able to be maintained
Evaluate the extent to which the extraction of Pakistan’s mineral resources could be made more sustainable.
Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
Mineral extraction could be made more sustainable because:
- There are large deposits of a variety of minerals in Pakistan so they can
select which ones to use. - Can enforce strict environmental guidelines and laws or examples
- Use of renewable energy sources to exploit mineral deposits
Cannot be made more sustainable because:
- Profit is put before the environment
- Habitats and loss of wildlife cannot be restored fully
- Harmful to people e.g. vibrations from explosives, etc.
State three ways water is obtained for domestic purposes in Pakistan.
- Directly from rivers
- Collecting rainwater
- Using desalination
Explain how water is used in two different secondary industries in
Pakistan. You should develop your answer.
- Thermal power stations; to produce steam to move the turbines
- Iron and steel industry; to cool the furnace
Define ‘irrigation’
It is the artificial supply of water to the land.
Name and describe one type of conventional irrigation system used in Pakistan
- shaduf; water is drawn from a well, river, or canal by a bucket
Outline two advantages and two disadvantages of using irrigation on
small-scale subsistence farms.
ADV:
- can produce higher yields; saves time
DISADV:
- difficult to build; cost of installation/maintenance
