Chapter 1: The natural Topography Flashcards
What are the three major mountain ranges in Northern and North Western Pakistan?
- The Himalayas
- Karakoram
- Hindu Kush
What is the average height and highest peak of the Himalayas in Pakistan?
Average height: 4000m; Highest peak: Nanga Parbat (8126m).
What is the average height and highest peak of the Karakoram range?
Average height: 6000m; Highest peak: K-2 (8610m).
What is the average height and highest peak of the Hindu Kush range?
Average height: 5000m; Highest peak: Tirich Mir (7690m).
What are the key relief features of the Northern and North Western Mountains?
- Snow-capped peaks
- sharp peaks
- glaciers
- steep slopes
- forests
- fast-flowing rivers.
Name 4 major passes in the Northern and North Western Mountains.
- Khunjerab
- Shandur
- Babusar
- Lowari
List some economic activities in the Northern and North Western Mountains.
- Nomadic lifestyle
- Cattle breeding
- Honey-making
- Fishing
What are the characteristics of the drainage pattern in the Northern and North Western Mountains?
- Streams
- lakes
- Fast-flowing rivers
- Waterfalls.
Name two glaciers found in the Northern and North Western Mountains.
Baltoro and Batura.
List the environmental issues affecting the Northern and North Western Mountains.
- Deforestation
- Floods
- Earthquakes
- Landslides
- Siltation
- Soil erosion.
What are the main mountain ranges in the Western Mountains of Pakistan?
- Waziristan Hills
- Safed Koh
- Suleman Range
- Kirthar Range.
What are the main passes found in the Western Mountains?
- Khyber
- Kurram
- Tochi
- Bolan
- Gomal.
Describe the relief features of the Western Mountains
- Heights less than 4000m
- Passes
- Snow-capped peaks
- Valleys.
Name some rivers found in the Western Mountains.
- Kabul
- Kurram
- Tochi
- Gomal
What are the main economic activities in the Western Mountains?
- Nomadic lifestyle
- Sheep and goat rearing
- Mining
- Minimal trade towns like Kohat and Peshawar.
Describe the key features of the Balochistan Plateau’s topography.
- Inland drainage basins
- Salt lakes
- Saltpans where salt appears on the surface after evaporation
Name the main rivers in the Balochistan Plateau.
- Hab
- Hingol
- Dasht
- Zhob.
List the main economic resources and activities of the Balochistan Plateau
- Mineral oil
- Gas
- Coal
- Fishing
- Livestock farming
- Production of fruits and vegetables
What is the topography of the Potwar Plateau?
- Irregular depressions
- Ridges
- Troughs
- Gully formations by the Soan River.
What are the economic activities in the Potwar Plateau?
- Rain-fed agriculture
- Mining for oil
- Gas
- Limestone
- Salt
- Gypsum
- Cattle breeding
- Trade facilitated by developed infrastructure.
What are the main topographical features of the Indus Plain?
- Active floodplains
- Alluvial terraces
- Tidal delta
- Deserts.
Name the primary rivers of the Indus Plain.
- Indus
- Jhelum
- Chenab
- Ravi
- Sutlej
What are the main economic activities in the Indus Plain?
- Trade
- Industry
- Agriculture
- Fishing
- Livestock farming
- Services (tertiary sector).
List the main deserts in Pakistan.
- Thal Desert
- Thar Desert
- Cholistan
- Nara
- Tharparkar
- Kharan.
What are the environmental characteristics of the deserts in Pakistan?
- Sandstorms
- Lack of vegetation
- Extreme temperatures
- Cool nights
- Drought-resistant plants
