Chapter 3: Water Resources Flashcards
Give me a list of Western Rivers.
- Swat
- Kabul
- Kurram
- Tochi
- Gomal
Give me a list of Eastern Rivers.
- Ravi
- Beas
- Sutlej
- Chenab
- Jhelum
List some industrial uses of water.
- Tanning industry for washing leather
- Food processing industry for juices, squashed beverages, etc.
- In the iron and steel industry for cooling down furnaces
- Thermal power stations for making steam
- For pharmaceuticals e .g, syrups, drips, injections
List some domestic uses of water.
- Cooking
- Sanitation
- Washing
- Drinking
- Heating
What are some factors responsible for the development of irrigation systems?
- Unreliability of rainfall
- Long dry spells
- High rate of evapotranspiration
- Variability of the amount of rainfall to store water
- To provide water where there is no rainfall
Give me a list of Conventional Methods of Irrigation
- Shaduf
- Karez
- Persian Wheel
- Charsa
- Tanks
- Inundation Canals
Explain the process of Shaduf.
A bucket is attached to the pole on one side and weighted on the other side to extract water from the well, river, etc. This method can irrigate a small area. However, it is not used now.
Explain the process of the Persian wheel.
- It is designed traditionally powered by a blindfolded bullock.
- It turns a horizontal wooden wheel geared to a vertical wheel at the distant end of the shaft.
A chain is attached to earthen pots, and water is spilled into the channels to flow from the fields.
Explain the process of the karez.
- It is a horizontal underground water channel in the foothills that brings groundwater to the surface.
- These are only found in Balochistan to stop the evapotranspiration because of high temperatures.
Define Irrigation.
- The artificial supply of water usually used for crops in farming
What are some advantages of Conventional methods of irrigation systems?
- Less costly
- No fuel needed
- Environment friendly
- Employment
What are some disadvantages of Conventional methods of irrigation systems?
- Time consuming
- Labor intensive
- Less water
- Low area of cultivation
What are some advantages of modern methods of irrigation systems?
- More water available
- More land irrigated
- Not Labor-intensive
- Technology used so more output
What are some disadvantages of modern methods of irrigation systems?
- Unemployment
- Air pollution + noise pollution
- High installation + maintenance cost
- Power failure will stop the work and supply
What are some suitable places to build dams?
- Mountainous areas at high altitudes available to make waterfalls to move turbines
- Steep slopes and Natural basins help to make reservoirs easily
- Availability of water by rainfall and melting of snow
- Low temperatures so less evaporation during summers
- Low evacuation cost because of less population density
What is the importance of building dams?
- Produces HEP (Hydro Electric Power)
- Stores water for irrigation purposes through canals
- Controls flood and saves from its devastations
- Attracts tourists
- Fishing in reservoirs
Define water logging.
Excess of water on land causes waterlogging. It is due to the high water table.
Define salinity.
- When water dries up and white salty patches appear on the surface.
How to control water logging and salinity?
- Lining of canals to stop seepage of water
- Canal closure temporarily
- Installing tube wells to pump out water to lower the water level
- Planting of eucalyptus trees
- Treating the land with chemical or limestone
What are the problems caused by siltation?
- Weakens the foundation of dams.
- Blockage of canals.
- Reduction in storing capacity of water in dams.
- It can result in floods.
- Fluctuation of electricity due to silt in turbines.
What’s the difference between dams and barrages?
- Barrages are not involved in the generation of electricity, whereas dams are major suppliers of HEP (hydel power)
- Barrages’ construction cost is less than that of dams
- Construction time is quicker for barrages and longer for dams
- Barrages can be built on flat land but dams require steep slopes
Q: Name a dam and describe its location.
- Tarbela, located in River Indus
