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Pakistan Studies (Geo) > Oct/Nov 2021 > Flashcards

Oct/Nov 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the location of the Sulaiman Range

A
  • East of Quetta
  • West of river Indus
  • Near to river Zhob
  • In the Centre of Pakistan
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2
Q

Two features of the Salt Range

A
  • dry
  • sandy
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3
Q

Two minerals that can be obtained from the Salt Range and
suggest one use for each.

A
  • mineral: salt/halite
  • use: for cooking
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4
Q

Explain two ways in which the natural topography of the Salt Range
makes mineral exploitation difficult. You should develop your answer.

A
  • Steep slopes – so it is difficult to get (large) machinery into the area
  • Barren land – difficult to construct roads
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5
Q

Describe three environmental problems caused by mineral extraction

A
  • Air pollution from machinery
  • noise pollution from machinery
  • landslides due to explosions
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6
Q

Evaluate the benefits and problems of further developing the mineral extraction industry in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

A

Benefits:

  • loans for equipment/hiring experts from abroad with technical expertise
  • sustainable mining techniques reduce environmental damage
  • e.g. In 2014, the Chinese company MCC took over the operation of the Duddar
    lead/zinc mine in Balochistan. Production increased rapidly as MCC brought
    in experts and modern mining machinery.

PROBLEMS:

  • environmental damage can be irreversible
  • jobs may be low-paid and dangerous
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7
Q

Describe how the Western Depressions affect the pattern of rainfall in western Pakistan

A
  • Western Depression brings rain to the north-western areas of Pakistan
  • Western Depression causes the rainfall from December-March
  • Quetta dry for rest of year
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8
Q

Explain two factors that affect the temperature in Pakistan. You should develop your answer

A
  • latitude; areas closer to the equator or southern Pakistan have
    higher temperatures as the sun’s rays are more concentrated
  • deforestation; areas with dense cover have lower temperatures since it provides shade from the sun’s rays
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9
Q

Define ‘drought’

A

A long period of no rainfall.

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10
Q

State two effects of drought on the natural environment of Pakistan.

A
  • plants die
  • soil erosion
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11
Q

Describe the benefits and problems of cold climates for people in Pakistan

A

benefits:

  • frozen water bodies can be used for ice skating
  • lower need for/cost of air conditioning

problems:

  • snow/cold can trap people in homes
  • roads can become blocked by snow
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12
Q

View A

Storms and heavy rainfall have the most severe impacts on people in
Pakistan.

View B

Droughts have the most severe impacts on people in Pakistan.
Which view do you agree with more?

Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.

A

Agree with View A:
- storms and heavy rainfall can destroy crops very quickly
- businesses can be washed away

Disagree with View A:
- flood protection schemes can protect homes and businesses.

Agree with View B:
- droughts can cause starvation/famine leading to illness and death
- results in crop failure and death of livestock

Disagree with View B:

  • Belongings/buildings/homes are not ruined by drought.
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13
Q

Describe the distribution of areas with over 50% of land under
cultivation

A
  • Uneven distribution in three areas
  • Mostly in the north-east
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14
Q

Define ‘cultivation’

A
  • To prepare the land and grow crops on it
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15
Q

State two reasons why wheat is the main crop grown in Pakistan

A
  • the main part of the (local) diet
  • rise in local demand due to increasing population
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16
Q

Describe the processes involved in the growing of rice

A
  • Rice seeds are planted in beds
  • The fields are kept full of water
  • Bunds and terraces are repaired to ensure water stays in the field
  • The water is drained off (by making holes in the bunds)
17
Q

Explain how two natural factors affect rice production. You should
develop your answer.

A
  • humidity; high during the 4–6 months growing period; leads to the best
    quality of rice
  • diseases; can destroy the whole crop, especially during hot spells e.g. leaf curl virus
18
Q

To what extent are climatic challenges the biggest threat to Pakistan
increasing its agricultural production?

Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer

A

climatic challenges:
- increased temperatures reduce crop quantity and quality due to the reduced growth period e.g. wheat/maize
- increased risk/consequences of drought

traditional farming techniques:
- Manual labor is slow and inefficient

  • overgrazing causes soil erosion and lack of food for animals
19
Q

What is the difference between GNP and GDP?

A
  • GNP is the production by nationals both within and outside Pakistan
  • GDP is domestic production from within a country regardless of who
    produced it
20
Q

State two of Pakistan’s main exports and two of its main imports.

A
  • COTTON (export)
  • SUGAR (export)
  • CHEMICALS (import)
  • CARS (import)
21
Q

Describe the changes in the types and value of goods imported and exported by Pakistan in recent years

A
  • fewer food products are imported
  • imports of fuel energy are decreasing
  • imports of high-value/capital goods have increased
  • imports of consumer goods have decreased
22
Q

Explain how trading blocs and currency exchange rates affect
Pakistan’s trade. You should develop your answer.

A

TRADING BLOCS:

  • members have a free trade agreement so there are zero trade or low trade restrictions which encourages trade between member states
  • Pakistan is a member of ECO/ASEAN but some trade barriers remain

exchange rates:

  • Currency appreciation means that imports are cheaper and exports have
    higher value this can increase trade as Pakistan can afford to import
    more goods.
  • Currency depreciation means that imports are more expensive and exports
    have lower value this can reduce trade as Pakistan may not be able to
    afford to import as many goods.
23
Q

View A

Pakistan could decrease the amount of cheap goods imported to
improve the balance of trade.

View B

Pakistan could export goods to a wider number of countries to improve
the balance of trade.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your
answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider
View A and View B in your answer.

A

Agree with View A:

  • Pakistan could manufacture many of the products that it imports creating
    jobs

Disagree with View A:
- Pakistan does not have the resources to manufacture goods that it imports

Agree with View B:
- Pakistan currently only exports to five main countries

Disagree with View B:
- It may not be possible to make trade agreements with more countries

24
Q

Suggest how cell phone ownership may encourage the growth of small-scale industries in Pakistan.

A
  • For online banking
  • selling
  • can be used to set up a website
25
Q

Suggests why a large percentage of people in Pakistan use cell phones to access health information.

A
  • limited access to healthcare services in remote areas
  • saves time for a medical appointment
  • gives access to personal medical records
26
Q

State four advantages to teachers and students of using the Internet in
education in Pakistan.

A
  • Makes home learning possible
  • Connect with other students
  • saves costs of buying books
  • to access past exam papers with mark schemes
27
Q

Explain two challenges of providing telecommunications in some parts
of Pakistan. You should develop your answer.

A
  • Densely populated cities put a strain on the network due to high numbers of
    users
  • Extreme weather can interrupt damaged towers and interrupt signals
28
Q

The rate of growth of Pakistan’s telecommunications sector has been impressively fast-paced in recent years. However, computers and smartphones are of limited use if the internet is not widely available.

Assess the role of telecommunications in the further development of Pakistan.

Give reasons to support your judgment and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

A

significant role:

  • improvements to education and training/skills increase employment
    opportunities
  • it encourages foreign direct investment from businesses/corporations
  • It improves advertising and marketing opportunities/e-commerce

less significant role:
- It is expensive to invest in

  • Other issues need to be overcome before investing further
    in telecommunications e.g. improving the reliability of electricity supplies.
  • International companies may decide to locate where the population are
    already educated and skilled

Pakistan Studies (Geo) (10 decks)

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