O/N 2022 Flashcards
Describe the pattern of annual rainfall.
- uneven/varied
- high/er rainfall in the north
- Lower rainfall in the south
Name rivers U, V, and W
- U = River Sutlej
- V = River Dasht
- W = River Indus
Four natural features of a floodplain.
- flat land/plain land
- fertile soil/alluvium/silt
- wide
- active (floodplain)
Explain two ways that floodplains influence human activity. You should develop your answer.
- Floodplains have the river close by, which provides water for industry
- Floodplains are wide so there is space to grow crops
Describe two impacts of the cyclone
- strong winds
- trees being damaged
Scientific evidence suggests that cyclones are likely to continue to increase in severity and frequency across South Asia due to climate change.
Evaluate the influence of storms such as cyclones on secondary and tertiary industries in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied.
You should consider different points of view in your answer.
Likely to influence secondary & tertiary industries negatively because:
- Industries may be flooded
- high cost of repairs/clean-up operations to the industry
- industries, e.g., shops, may lose trade/have to close down
Influence will be limited because:
- Storm management schemes can protect coastal areas from the
impacts of storms, e.g., planting mangroves along the coastline - Building coastal defences can protect nearby industries, e.g.
embankments/sea walls - flood warnings/warning system for employees and tourists to follow
EVALUATION:
- Although the severity and frequency of storms are increasing in the south
Asia, Pakistan, is rarely badly affected by them
What is meant by the term ‘tertiary occupation’?
A job providing a service/working in the service sector.
Name two examples of a tertiary occupation
- Transport work examples: train driver/pilot, etc.
- Tourism examples: waiter/tour guide, etc.
State two advantages and two disadvantages of the informal sector to the tourist
industry in Pakistan.
Advantages:
- Self-employed
- Can pay low wages
Disadvantages:
- Unprofessional image created
- Some areas of the informal sector use child labour
suggest why X is a good location for a hotel.
- Close to a large park for leisure
- Near to industrial areas for people on business trips
- Near main road for transport links to all major parts of the city
state two natural attractions of the area shown
- sandy
- flat land
Suggest how tourists may use the area
- relaxing
- photography
- swimming
Explain two approaches used by governing authorities to promote industrial growth in Pakistan. You should develop your answer
- Pakistan industrial development corporation (PIDC). To invest in (large-scale) industries, e.g. textiles/cement, these were transferred to private
sector once set up - Nationalization of industries, stimulated industrial activity
such as iron and steel to encourage linked industries
A: Pakistan could develop
more large-scale manufacturing industries to increase GDP.
B: Pakistan could develop
tourism further to increase GDP
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.
A: for developing manufacturing:
- Will utilize Pakistan’s own raw materials
A: against developing manufacturing:
- international markets are competitive, e.g. goods from China available at lower costs
B: for developing tourism:
- Pakistan has many natural and cultural attractions
B: against developing tourism:
- Tourism tends to be seasonal and there is no money generated out of season
What is the birth rate at its highest point?
43 – 45 per thousand
What is the death rate at its highest point?
27 – 28 per thousand
What happens to the total population in stage 2?
Rises
State three reasons for a reduction in the death rate in stages 2 and 3 of the DTM.
- Improvements in hygiene or examples of that, e.g. clean/drinking water
- Improved sanitation/introduction of sewage systems
- improved housing/shelter or examples of that, e.g. electricity
Explain two reasons why birth rates are high in Pakistan. You should develop your
answer.
- (religious) beliefs as people have many children
- strong desire for sons to carry on the family name
Describe how birth rates are being reduced in Pakistan.
- More people want to have fewer children
- more people are literate
Suggest three likely changes to Pakistan’s population structure over the next 50 years
- fewer babies being born
- fewer young dependents
- increasing older/elderly dependents
A: Reducing infant mortality in Pakistan is the best way to slow the rate of population growth in the future.
B: Increasing family planning in Pakistan is the best way to slow the rate of population growth in the future
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.
Reducing the infant mortality will slow the population growth rate
because:
- with a reduction in infant mortality people will choose/need to have fewer
children
Reducing the infant mortality will not slow the population growth rate
because:
- some people will still have large families so that their children can work
for them
Increasing family planning will help slow the population growth rate
because:
- more access to family planning clinics
Increasing family planning will not help slow the population growth
rate because:
- males are still the decision makers in some families
EVALUATION:
- view A will be achieved by implementing view B, therefore view B is a
better starting point for slowing population growth
