U.S History Midterm Flashcards
Who were the ancient Americans?
Anasazi and Aztecs
The _______________________ was the pattern of shipping trade across the Atlantic.
triangular trade
What was an achievement by the West Africans?
traded with North Africa and Europe
A key characteristic of the South was….
produced single crops of rice, indigo, or tobacco
A key characteristic of the North was…
they developed a powerful merchant class
The Enlightenment was …
an intellectual movement
The Great Awakening was …
a religious movement
The Enlightenment stressed the idea that all men have _____________________, regardless of their status.
natural rights
The ________________________ War gave the British control of North America.
The French and Indian War
How did Native American people in different environments typically get their food?
They hunted, fished, and gathered fruits and nuts
The ________________ were Native Americans who lived where Columbus first landed.
Taino
Trade across the Atlantic Ocean.
Columbian Exchange
What were some problems Jamestown faced in the early 1600s?
famine, disease, and conflict with the indigenous
What did the Puritans want to find in America?
religious freedom
What was one of the main causes of the French and Indian War?
territory
What were two key things that Europeans and Native Americans fought over?
territory and control
How did the colonies make England rich?
raw materials supplied by its colonies so the nation could export finished products to trade
Native American group in Eastern North America
Iroquois
Spanish colonies in Mexico and Central America
New Spain
Spanish colonies in North America.
New Mexico
Italian explorer who sailed to North America for Spain.
Christopher Columbus
Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs.
Hernando Cortes
In 1492, _______________________ discovered the island of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic). There he called the native people _______________________, from their word for “noble ones.”
Columbus/ Taino
Why did Spain start colonies in the Americas?
they were looking for gold and silver
_______________ was the main reason England wanted colonies in the Americas.
Trade
The was the English philosopher who believed people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
He was the king of England during the American Revolution.
King George III
What were the key reasons as to why the British Parliament passed the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act?
to reform the British tax system and raise money to help pay for the cost of the French-British War.
How did the colonists respond to new taxes?
Colonial assemblies protested the taxes by boycotting British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed.
What ideas of John Locke did Thomas Jefferson include in the Declaration of Independence?
People have the right to life, liberty, and property.
What actions did the colonists take to prepare for war against the British government?
Minutemen stored guns and ammunition while the Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Army headed by George Washington.
What document did the colonists send King George III that listed a list of grievances to include their rights being violated due to taxation without representation?
The Declaration of Independence
The Battle of ________________ was a significant win for the ____________________ because the win proved that the colonists could defeat the___________ army and convinced the __________________ to support the Patriot’s cause.
Saratoga/Patriots/British/French
French noble who helped the British colonists in their war for independence from the British empire.
Marquis de Lafayette
Colonists who wanted independence from Britain
Patriots
Place where Washington’s army spent the winter of 177701778
Valley Forge
Battle that gave the Americans victory in the war against the British empire.
Battle of Yorktown
The treaty officially ended the war and gave the colonists independence from Britain.
Treaty of Paris
Colonists still loyal to the British crown in the Americas and refused to fight against the British government.
Loyalists
Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?
The victory at Saratoga convinced France to support the Americans.
How did the war affect different groups of the new Americans.
Thousands of slaves escaped to freedom during the war and thousands joined the Continental Army.
How did the French help the Americans win the war?
Sent soldiers and their navy to help the Colonists against the British.
The document outlining the first form of government of the United States.
Articles of Confederation
One of the leaders of the Constitutional Convention. He was also called the Father of the Constitution.
James Madison
Official approval of the Constitution.
Ratification
Supporters of the new Constitution and pushed for ratification.
Federalists
Powers given to separate branches government to keep any one from getting too much power.
Checks and balances
What were some of the key problems Articles of Confederation failed to fix?
Economic problems, Congress did NOT have power to tax, Farmers paying too much property tax
How was power divided in the new Constitution?
The Constitution established a separation of powers by creating the three branches of government: Congress, legislative branch, and the judicial branch. This created a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from getting too much power.
Why has the Constitution been able to meet the changing needs of the country for so long?
because it’s flexible due to the amendment process which can change the laws when needed.
Why did the Anti-federalists oppose the Constitution?
They thought it gave the national government too much power over the states government.
He was one of the key Federalist leaders who fought to ratify the new Constitution, writing 51 of the Federalist essays!
Alexander Hamilton
He wanted a strong central government.
Alexander Hamilton
He was opposed to a national bank and wanted to ensure that states had more power than the national government.
Thomas Jefferson
Who were members of Washington’s cabinet?
Hamilton as Sec. of Treasury, Jefferson as Sec. of State, and Knox as Sec. of War
Laws that made it harder to become a citizen and created harsh punishments for anyone to criticize the US government.
Alien and Sedition Act
What statement IS NOT TRUE regarding the Preamble to the US Constitution?
a. The preamble is an introduction to the highest law of the land
b. The preamble sets the stage for the Constitution.
c. The preamble DOES NOT define government powers or individual rights.
The preamble DOES NOT define government powers or individual rights.
Which statement IS INCORRECT regarding the U.S. Constitution?
a. It contains a preamble
b. It contains seven articles
c. The first three articles establish the amendment and ratification process.
The first three articles establish the amendment and ratification process.
Which article in the Constitution assigns the responsibility for making laws to the Legislative Branch (Congress)?
a. Article I
b. Article II
c. Article III
Article I
What roles and responsibilities are laid out in Article II of the U.S. Constitution?
a. It details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President.
b. It establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system’s highest court.
c. It explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws.
It details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President.
What roles and responsibilities are laid out in Article III of the U.S. Constitution?
a. It details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President.
b. It establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system’s highest court.
c. It explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws.
It establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system’s highest court.
What does Article V (Article 5) of the U.S. Constitution address?
a. It details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President.
b. It establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system’s highest court.
c. It explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws.
It explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws.
Which Article of the U.S. Constitution address the Ratification process?
a. Article V
b. Article VII
c. Article VIII
Article VII
What is INCORRECT about Article I, Sec. II, regarding qualifications for House of Representatives?
a. Age of thirty five Years
b. Age of twenty five Years
c. seven Years a Citizen of the United States
Age of thirty five Years
What is one purpose of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution?
to state why the new government is being formed.
What is one key difference between the House and the Senate?
a. Article I, Sec. 25, gives the Senate the power of impeachment, then the House tries the case.
b. Article I, Sec. 25, gives the House the power of impeachment, then the Senate tries the case.
Article I, Sec. 25, gives the House the power of impeachment, then the Senate tries the case.
Why does Congress limit the power of the president and the military?
it’s designed so that civilians control the military to prevent armed forces from staging a coup.
Authority to decide cases involving disputes over the law or behavior of people.
Judicial power
Authority to decide whether a law is constitutional.
Judicial review
An example of checks and balances under Article 2.
a. When the president has the power to declare war, as a way to ensure civilian control of the military.
b. When Congress has the power to declare war, as a way to ensure civilian control of the military.
When Congress has the power to declare war, as a way to ensure civilian control of the military.
Procedure for returning a person charged with a crime to the state where the crime was committed.
extradition
Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people.
reserved powers
All the procedures for fair treatment that must be carried out whenever a citizen is accused of a crime.
due process of law
What party names were given to those who favored ratification and to those who opposed it?
Federalists/Anti-Federalists
Article 3, Sec. 3 states that treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them ________________.
aid and comfort
Which amendment protects the following:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment I
Which amendment protects the following:
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment II
Which amendment protects the following:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment IV
Which amendment protects the following:
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment VIII
Which amendment protects the following:
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Amendment 18: Section 1.
Which amendment protects the following:
The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Amendment 21: Section 1.
