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U.S. History > US History Final > Flashcards

US History Final Flashcards

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0
Q

What sailor was the first to cirumnavigate the globe? (Set sail in 1519 with 5 ships, and only 18 of his original crew made it)

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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1
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico?

A

Hernando Cortez

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2
Q

Where did Ferdinand Magellan die?

A

The Phillipines

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3
Q

What explorer spent 20 years in China?

A

Marco Polo

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4
Q

Who wrote Marco Polo’s story which fired imagination of Europe’s merchants?

A

Rustichello

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5
Q

What was made by Pope Alexander VI dividing the world between Spain and Portugal?

A

Line of Democratization

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6
Q

Who reached Newfoundland providing England’s claim to North America?

A

John Cabot

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7
Q

Who did Pocahontas marry?

A

John Rolfe

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8
Q

What Jamestown leader enforced the biblical principle of no work, no food?

A

John Smith

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9
Q

Who sponsored two attempts to colonize Virginia?

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

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10
Q

What happened to Sir Walter Raleigh’s two settlements?

A
  • First abandoned in 1586

* Second (Roanoke) John White returned to all had vanished, fate is a mystery

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11
Q

Who was a member of the Sea Dogs, a group that attacked Spanish ships?

A

Sir John Hawkins (along with Sir Francis Drake)

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12
Q

Who founded Pennsylvania?

A

William Penn

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13
Q

Who was the proprietor of Georgia?

A

James Oglethorpe

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14
Q

Who was the founder of Rhode Island?

A

Roger Williams

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15
Q

What was the 1st written Constitution?

A

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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16
Q

What document (written by Pilgrims) expressed willingness to submit to laws and leadership of the colony?

A

Mayflower Compact

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17
Q

Who wrote History of Plymouth Plantation and was also the governor of Plymouth?

A

William Bradford

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18
Q

Who discovered a waterway from Long Island to Albany?

A

Henry Hudson

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19
Q

Who purchased Manhattan for $24 worth of cloth and trinkets?

A

Peter Minuit

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20
Q

Where was the First Library?

A

Charleston

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21
Q

What road was traveled mainly by Scotch-Irish through the wilderness?

A

Great Philadelphia Wagon Road

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22
Q

What food was standard fare on the frontier?

A

Salt Pork

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23
Q

Who led the movement for smallpox inoculation as means of fighting the disease?

A

Cotton Mather

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24
Q

What was the standard educational text?

A

New England Primer

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25
Q

Which French monarch made powdered hair pieces were popular?

A

Louis XIII

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26
Q

What was a paddle shaped board used as a first book for children?

A

Hornbook

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27
Q

Who preached “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” during the Great Awakening?

A

Jonathan Edwards

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28
Q

Which Presbyterian minister graduated from the Log College?

A

Gilbert Tennant

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29
Q

Who founded a school for training Indians as missionaries to their own people?

A

Eleazer Wheelock

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30
Q

Which Dutch Reformed pastor came to New Jersey and preached about practical Christian living?

A

Theodore Frelinghuysen

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31
Q

What was the first Bible printed in America?

A

Algonquin Bible

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32
Q

What Indian tribe lived in New England?

A

Algonquin

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33
Q

Quakers are also known as…

A

Society of Friends

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34
Q

What are Quakers guided by?

A

“Inner Light”

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35
Q

Who was the outstanding evangelist of the Great Awakening?

A

George Whitefield (preacher in Philadelphia)

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36
Q

What was the first book published in America?

A

Bay Psalm Book (hymnal)

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37
Q

What act required colonists to board and help supply provisions for the soldiers?

A

Quartering Act

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38
Q

What event sparked the French and Indian War?

A

Governor Dinwiddie ordered Lieut. Col. Washington to clear territory of Ohio River

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39
Q

Who gave a powerful speech to the House of Burgesses?

A

Patrick Henry

40
Q

Who was the British general who was defeated by using European battling style (as opposed to guerrilla warfare the Indians were using)?

A

Edward Braddock

41
Q

What act attempted to tax legal and commercial documents (proposed by Grenville)?

A

Stamp Act

42
Q

Who was the French leader that destroyed Ft. Oswego and Ft. William Henry?

A

Montcalm

43
Q

What was the key campaign in the French and Indian War?

A

The attack on the French Canadian capital, Quebec (captured Ft. Duqesne and secured the forks of the Ohio)

44
Q

How did the capture of Ft. Duquesne occur?

A

Braddock was sent to attack Ft. Duquesne and attempted to fight in European manner

45
Q

What was the turning point of the revolutionary war?

A

Saratoga

46
Q

What were first engagements of the American Revolution?

A

Lexington and Concord

85
Q

How did Britain and America settle who would possess Oregon?

A

Extended border along 49th parallel

86
Q

Who was Davy Crockett?

A

Tennessee frontiersman, killed at the Alamo

87
Q

Who was General Santa Anna?

A

Dictator of Mexico who wanted to crush any rebellion

88
Q

What did the Webster-Ashburton Treaty accomplish?

A

Resolved dispute over Maine’s border

89
Q

Who led men to explore California?

A

John C. Fremont

90
Q

Who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”?

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

91
Q

Who was Harriet Tubman?

A

Guided many to freedom ($40,000 reward for her capture) (known as the “Moses” of her people)

92
Q

What was the first state to secede from the Union?

A

South Carolina

93
Q

How did Stephen Douglas propose to decide slavery within territories?

A

Popular Sovereignty

94
Q

Who was the President of the Confederacy?

A

Jefferson Davis

95
Q

What occured at Harper’s ferry?

A

•John Brown captured the arsenal and took several citizens captive

96
Q

Who was the Republican candidate that won the election of 1860?

A

Abraham Lincoln

97
Q

Who was Robert E. Lee?

A

Commander of a company of Marines was sent in to recapture arsenal

98
Q

Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired at?

A

Ft. Sumter

108
Q

Who were the Midnight Riders? (warned about attacks of Lexington & Concord)

A

Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, and Billy Dawes

109
Q

What was the darkest time of the war for the U.S?

A

Valley Forge 1777-78

110
Q

Who was Baron von Steuben?

A

German drillmaster

111
Q

What were Hessians?

A

British-paid German mercenaries

112
Q

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

A

French aristocrat who fought and led in the Continental army

113
Q

Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

114
Q

Who commanded the Green Mountain Boys?

A

Ethan Allen, also captured Fort Ticonderoga

115
Q

What political party was John Jay and Alexander Hamilton?

A

Federalists; authored the Federalist papers which explained and defended the Constitution

116
Q

What was the Virginia Plan?

A

Bicameral (2 houses) legislature, number of representatives would be based based on state population (presented by Edmund Randolph)

117
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

Unicameral legislature, each state 1 vote (presented by William Paterson)

118
Q

Who was “Cato”?

A

Pen name of Gov. George Clinton for anti-federalist papers

119
Q

What did the the Articles of Confederation accomplish?

A

First document to unite the colonies under one government

120
Q

Who was the Father of the Constitution?

A

James Madison

121
Q

Whow was the “great American statesman”?

A

Benjamin Franklin

122
Q

Who won the election of 1796, and what party was he from?

A

John Adams; Federalist

123
Q

What did James Madison support in the early years of the U.S.

A

Supported a national bank; strong Federalist

124
Q

Who made a treaty with the British in 1793?

A 
John Jay (Jay's treaty)
Terms: Britain would abandon forts, open ports to US ships, and the US agreed to pay debts owed British merchants
125
Q

What was the “undeclared war”?

A

Quasi War

126
Q

Who attacked New York City?

A

The British fleet attacked NYC under the leadership of General William Howe in July 1776

127
Q

What were Hamilton’s supporters called, and what did they support?

A

Federalists, stood for a loose interpretation of the Constitution

128
Q

What would a national bank do?

A

Would issue a uniform currency, and its branches throughout the country would provide a source for business loans, a spur to economic expansion (Proposed by Hamilton)

129
Q

What was Washington’s response to the war France declared on Britain?

A

Proclamation of Neutrality

130
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

Document containing every American citizen’s fundamental rights; first ten ammendments to the Constitution

131
Q

Who was Francis Scott Key?

A

Lawyer who wrote the national anthem (Star Spangled Banner)

132
Q

Who was the first activist chief justice of the Supreme Court?

A

John Marshall

133
Q

Who was Tecumseh?

A

Indian leader who tried to overthrow U.S. with an Indian confederacy

134
Q

What was James Madison’s response on the assumption of state debt?

A

He was against it

135
Q

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Purchase of Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. Expanded U.S. to the west coast.

136
Q

Who was the Prophet?

A

Tecumseh’s brother, who led an Indian religious revival

137
Q

Define: Protective Tariff

A

High tax designed to protect manufacturers from foreign competition

138
Q

What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname?

A

Old Hickory

139
Q

What was the Missouri compromise?

A

When Missouri applied for statehood, a balance between slave and free states needed to be made. So…Maine (free state), Missouri (slave state), & No futher slavery N. of 36º 30º

140
Q

What is nullification?

A

The idea that a state can reject the federal governments laws

141
Q

What was the Nullificatin Crisis?

How was it stopped?

A
  • Southern states claimed they could nullify the Tariff of 1828 (raised rates up to 50%)
  • Stopped by Compromise Tariff of 1833 (gradual lowering of rates)
142
Q

Henry Clay’s nickname is…

A

The Great Compromiser

143
Q

What is the spoils system?

A

Faithful party workers are awarded appointments to public office; instigated by Andrew Jackson

144
Q

Who negotitated for a strip of land in Southern Arizona to be used for the continental railroad?

A

James Gadsden

145
Q

Who won the election of 1844?

A

James Polk (dark horse of election)

U.S. History (11 decks)

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