Chapter 15 Flashcards
What was Lincoln’s 10% plan?
Offered restoration to any Southern state when 10% of the registered voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union
Who was the President after the Civil War?
Andrew Johnson
What was the Wade Davis Bill?
Required a majority of white males in a seceded state take a loyalty oath before a new state government could be organized; also demanded several provisions for the State’s Constitution
What was Johnson’s Plan?
Readmission based on Lincoln’s plan but stricter policy on qualifications for Southern leadership and pardons. Believed that responsibiblity for Reconstruction belonged the the President NOT Congress
How did Congress react to Johnson’s Plan for reconstruction?
Congress rejected Johnson’s plan; Johnson went on a speaking tour to defend his plan
What was the Tenure of Office Act?
Prevented President from dismissing any civil officers which ahd been apointed with consent of the Senate unless he obtained the Senate’s approval
How was Johnson impeached?
House brings charges abainst Pres. Johnson; he is tried by the Senate. One vote short of 2/3rds needed to remove him from office
What was the 13th amendment?
Permanently abolishes slavery
What was the 14th amendment?
Extends citizenship to all former slaves
What was the 15th amendment?
Forbids states from denying voting privileges to anyone
What were the Reconstruction Acts?
Divided the former Confederacy into 5 military districts and gave military officers broad powres in each district (Tennessee excluded, already re-admitted to the Union)
What was established to provide food and clothing to freed slaves?
Freedman’s Bureau
freedman- a term for liberated slaves
What were black codes?
Attempts to regulate the conduct of former slaves
What were carpetbaggers?
Northern politicians who went South after the war to take advantage of political opportunity
What were scalawags?
Whites in the South who cooperated with the carpetbaggers to advance their interests
What is the Ku Klux Klan?
Secret society that used illegal methods in an attempt to improve the situation in the South
What was sharecropping?
System of farming in which a plantation owner divided his land into small plots worked by former slaves and their families
What was a Redeemer?
Southerner who wanted to restore white majority rule
Who won the 1868 election?
Ulysses Grant, Civil War Hero
What was the Credit Mobilier scandal?
Criminal use of funds intended for railroad construction
What did James Fisk and Jay Gould scandal involve?
Manipulating the price of gold
What was the William Belknap scandal?
He took bribes in return for special licenses to sell goods to the Indians
What was the Whiskey Ring scandal?
Conspired to cheat government out of excise taxes
Who was involved in the Tammany Hall scandal; defrauded New York City?
William “Boss” Tweed; stayed in business by helping Democrats with votes
What cartoonist attacked William “Boss” Tweed, leading to his arrest?
Thoms Nast (cartoonist who advocated reform)
How did Grant win his second election?
The nation’s prosperity
What economic collapse was seen in Grant’s second term?
Panic of 1873-1876
Also, Greenback Issue (dollars were not backed by government)
Who was the election of 1876 between?
Who won?
Tilden vs. Hayes
Hayes won
What does “Waving the Bloody Shirt” mean?
Blamed the Democrats for the Civil War; used to distract voters
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Provided for the removal of all federal troops from Southern States
The South voted Democratic for the next 100 years, earning its nickname…
the Solid South
What has continued expanding ever since the Civil War?
The Federal government’s power
