Chapter 18: The Progressive Era Flashcards
What was a benefit of secret ballot elections?
Reduced voter intimidation
What was Progressivism?
Favored acheiving political and social reform through education wider political participation by all classes of society and direct government action
What is a direct primary?
Nomination of candidate by popular vote
What is ‘initiative’?
Voters can intiate legislation without legislature
What is ‘referendum’?
People vote to accept/reject a law
What is a ‘recall’?
Special election to remove an election official
What is trust-busting?
Breaking up monopolies
What new industries were regulated/owned by the government?
Gas and Water (Socialism)
What is the 16th amendment?
Federal income tax (makes up for loss of revenue from tariffs)
What is the 17th amendment?
Direct election of Senators
What was the 18th amendment?
Prohibition- ban on manufacture, slae, or transportation of alcoholic beverages
What was the 19th amendment?
Granted women’s suffrage
Who were two “suffragettes”?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
What were muckrakers?
Writers who exposed abuses and corruption
What did Lincoln Steffens report about? (muckraker)
Municipal corruption
What Ida Tarbell report about?
Standard Oil
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
Leader of progressive wing of Democratic party
Who was Robert La Follette?
Republican leader
Who was Eugene Debs?
Socialist leader
Name 3 progressive presidents.
Teddy Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
What was Roosevelt’s belief that everyone should receive fair treatment and equal opportunity called?
the Square Deal
What nickname did Roosevelt earn, due to his attacking on the abuse of business?
Square Deal
What were acts that attempted to control conduct of business for the public good called?
Regulation
What was the Hepburn Act?
Strengthened ICC ability to set rates for railroads and provisions for standard bookkeeping
What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?
Outlawed the sale of impure food and honest labeling
What did the Meat Inspection Act deal with?
Preparation and packaging of meat
Who wrote ‘The Jungle’ and what was its purpose?
Upton Sinclair; exposed the meat packing industry
What major strike occurred in 1902?
Coal Strike
What is Conservation?
Careful use of natural resources
What was the Reclamation Act?
Set aside 100 million acres of land to be controlled by Govt.
What racial group was discriminated against in California?
Asians
What laws in the South forced segragation?
Jim Crow Laws
What attempts were made to deprive blacks their right to vote?
Literacy Tests/Poll Taxes
Who wrote ‘Up from Slavery’, and what was its purpose?
Booker T. Wahsington; urged blacks to concentrate on bettering themselves through education and black businesses
Who was W.E.B. du Bois?
Pursued a political solution, cofounder of the NAACP
What was Roosevelt’s foreign policy?
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Who attempted to win the affection of the Philippine’s people?
Gov. William Howard Taft
What created a link between the Atlantic and Pacific?
Panama Canal
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
Made the US policeman over Latin America
What treaty was made to end the war with Russia and Japan?
Gentleman’s Agreement
What was the purpose of Roosevelt’s Great White Fleet?
To show US military strength to the World
Who was handpicked by Roosevelt as his successor on the Republican ticket?
William Howard Taft
Who ran for Democrats in 1908?
William Jennings Bryan
What was the Payne-Aldrich tariff?
Attempt to lower rates
What was the result of Congressional Reform?
Speaker of the House powers limited
What caused Taft’s split with Roosevelt?
His anti-trust proceedings against US Steel
What is ‘Dollar Diplomacy’?
Attempt to influence foreign affairs through investments
What new party did Roosevelt form?
Progressive Party (nicknamed Bull Moose Party)
Who ran for Republicans in the election of 1912?
Taft
Who was the Democrats candidate in 1912?
Woodrow Wilson
What was the Underwood Tariff Act?
First real reform since the CIvil War
What is the Federal Reserve Act?
Set up a privately controlled central banking system
What new policies affected business and labor?
Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Trade Commission
