US HIST 106: New Frontiers Flashcards

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1
Q

1960 Presidential Election

A

John F. Kennedy vs. Richard Nixon

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2
Q

Kennedy’s Foreign Policy

A
  • Critical of Eisenhower
    for capping defense
    spending.
  • Called for assistance to
    3rd world countries.
  • 1963 – Kennedy
    approved South Vietnam
    coup against Ngo Dinh
    Diem
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3
Q

Cuba

A
  • Cuban Revolution 1957-59 led by Fidel Castro.
  • April 1961- Bay of Pigs Fiasco – 1400 Cuban exiles,
    supported by C.I.A., failed to foment an insurrection to
    overthrow Castro.
  • Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev condemned U.S.
    involvement.
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4
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A
  • Oct 1962 – U2 spy plane
    uncovered missile sites and
    Soviet troops in Cuba.
  • Kennedy called for Cuban
    quarantine and demanded
    removal of missiles already
    on island – if not then U.S.
    invasion.
  • Oct 22nd addressed nation
    on Soviet and Cuban threat.
  • Oct 28th Soviet leader
    backed down.
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5
Q

New Frontier at Home

A
  • 1960 campaign – called
    for African American
    rights.
  • May 1961- Congress of
    Racial Equality sponsored
    freedom rides.
  • Bus trips across South to
    test segregation.
  • Sept 1961 – I.C.C.
    banned segregation at
    bus and train station
    terminals.
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6
Q

Birmingham,
Alabama

A
  • Spring 1963 – massive protests by
    CRM for equality.
  • Police Commissioner Eugene
    “Bull” Connor used brutal tactics
    to crush protests, horrifying the
    nation and beyond.
  • June- JFK sponsored special civil
    rights legislation on desegregation
    and voting rights.
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7
Q

March on
Washington

A
  • August 1963 – 200,000 attended
    political rally in capital.
  • MLK delivered his famous “I have a
    dream speech”.
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8
Q

George Wallace

A
  • Southern Democrat
    Alabama Governor who
    was a populist and pro-
    segregationist.
  • “In the name of the
    greatest people that have
    ever trod this earth, I draw
    the line in the dust and
    toss the gauntlet before
    the feet of tyranny, and I
    say segregation now,
    segregation tomorrow,
    segregation forever”
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9
Q

George Wallace

A
  • June 1963 – Wallace
    attempted to block two
    black students from
    enrolling at Uni. of
    Alabama. Threatened
    with jail and yielded.
  • 1968 Presidential
    Election – Got 13%
    popular vote + carried 5
    states.
  • Paralyzed by gunman in
    1972 campaign.
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10
Q

Birmingham Church Bombing

A
  • September 15th, 1963- 4 young black girls were killed by a KKK bomb left on 16th street Baptist Church
  • Bombings were intended to stall Civil Rights Movement, but ended up doing the opposite
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11
Q

New Frontier Domestic policies

A
  • Kennedy called for –
    Improved jobless benefits.
    Aid to children of unemployed.
    Help for impoverished counties.
    Increased Social Security payments.
    Increased minimum wage.
    Relief for farmers.
    Home building and slum clearance
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12
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A
  • Nov 22nd, 1963 – Kennedy
    assassinated in Dallas.
  • 1964 – Civil Rights Act – outlawed
    segregation in public facilities and
    established Equal Employment
    Opportunity Commission.
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13
Q

1964
Presidential
Election

A
  • LBJ vs. Barry Goldwater – one of
    largest landslides in history.
  • LBJ called for balanced budgets, war
    on poverty and a Civil Rights Bill.
  • After election called for the building
    of a “Great Society”.
  • June 1965 – Social Security Act
    established Medicaid and Medicare.
  • Elementary and Secondary
    Education Act - $1b aid to
    impoverished schools.
  • Voting Rights Act – banned literacy
    tests
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14
Q

Cold War

A
  • LBJ firm believer in
    “domino theory”.
  • Increased support for
    South Vietnam
  • 1964 Gulf of Tonkin
    incident expanded the
    war against North
    Vietnam
  • Operation Rolling
    Thunder – three year
    aerial bombardment of
    North.
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15
Q

Vietnam

A
  • 1968 – Tet Offensive alarmed the
    American public and increased anti-war
    demonstrations.
  • My Lai massacre caused further
    discontent.
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16
Q

Martin Luther King

A
  • Condemned Vietnam
    War on moral grounds
  • April 1968 –
    assassinated in
    Tennessee aged 39.
  • Rioting in 100 cities in
    response.
  • James Earl Ray arrested
    in London for murder.
  • Assassination created
    wider rift between blacks
    and whites.
17
Q

1968 Presidential Election

A
  • Richard Nixon vs. Hubert Humphrey
  • George Wallace ran for American Independence Party