SOCIOLOGY CH. 16 Flashcards
the transformation of a culture over time
social change
behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people who take action together toward a shared goal
collective behavior
one of the earliest theories of collective action; suggests that individuals who join a crowd can become “infected” by a mob mentality and lose the ability to reason
contagion theory
a theory of collective behavior that assumes individual members of a crowd make their own decisions about behavior and that norms are created through others’ acceptance or rejection of these behaviors
emergent norm theory
a temporary gathering of people in a public place; members might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact
crowd
continuous disorderly behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other people and/or property
riot
large groups of people engaging in similar behaviors without necessarily being in the same place
mass behavior
interests or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time
fads
the widespread custom or style of behavior and appearance at a particular time or in a particular place
fashion
a situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual can, when practiced by many people, lead to collective disaster
social dilemma
a type of social dilemma in which many individuals’ overexploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that common resource
tragedy of the commons
a type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from that resource
public goods dilemma
any social group with leadership, organization, and an ideological commitment to promote or resist social change
social movement
any activity intended to bring about social change
activism
term describing resistance to particular social changes, efforts to maintain the status quo, or attempts to reestablish an earlier form of social order
regressive
