SOCIOLOGY CH. 15 PT.1 Flashcards
study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population
demography
a measure of population growth through reproduction; often expressed as the number of births per 1,000 people in a particular population or the average number of children a woman would bear over a lifetime
fertility rate
a measure of the decrease in population due to deaths; often expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a particular population
mortality rate
average number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in a particular population
infant mortality
average age to which people in a particular population are expected to live
life expectancy
the uppermost age to which a person can potentially live
life span or longevity
movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of resettling
migration
entering one country from another to take up permanent residence
immigration
leaving one country to live permanently in another
emigration
movement of a population within a country
internal migration
net effect of immigration and emigration on a particular population; expressed as an increase or decrease
net migration
the theory that exponential growth in population will outpace arithmetic growth in food production and other resources
malthusian theorem
a theory about change over time from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, resulting in a stabilized population
demographic transition
relating to sparsely settled areas; in the United States, any county with a population density between 10 and 59.9 people per square mile
rural
relating to cities; typically describes densely populated areas
urban
movement of increasing numbers of people from rural areas to cities
urbanization
an urban area with a large population, usually 500,000 to 1 million people
metropolis
an area with at least one major city of 50,000 or more inhabitants that is surrounded by adjacent counties that are socially and economically integrated with the city core
metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
a group of densely populated metropolises that grow dependent on each other and eventually combine to form a huge urban complex
megalopolis
a term for megacities that emphasizes their global impact as centers of economic, political, and social power
global cities
concentration of people in a city, measured by the total number of people per square mile
urban density`
the shift of large segments of population away from the urban core and toward the edges of cities
suburbanization
