Sociology Ch. 9

Question 1

an individual’s membership in one of two categories-male or female-based on biological factors

Answer 1

sex

Question 2

biological factors, such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs, that distinguish males from females

Answer 2

primary sex characteristics

Question 3

physical differences between males and females, including facial and body hair, musculature, and bone structure, that are unrelated to reproduction

Answer 3

secondary sex characteristics

Question 4

a person whose chromosomes or sex characteristics are neither exclusively male nor exclusively female

Answer 4

intersex

Question 5

the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members

Answer 5

gender

Question 6

those who believe gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed

Answer 6

essentialists

Question 7

a system of classification with only two distinct and opposite gender categories

Answer 7

gender binary

Question 8

those who believe that notions of gender are socially determined, such that a binary system is just one possibility among many

Answer 8

constructionists

Question 9

an individual’s self-definition or sense of gender

Answer 9

gender identity

Question 10

term used when gender identity and/or expression aligns with the sex assigned at birth

Answer 10

cisgender

Question 11

term used when gender identity and/or expression is different from the sex assigned at birth

Answer 11

transgender

Question 12

an individual’s behavioral manifestations of gender

Answer 12

gender expression

Question 13

term used when gender identity and/or expression differs from societal expectations about gender roles

Answer 13

gender nonconforming

Question 14

the character or quality of being sexual

Answer 14

sexuality

Question 15

the inclination to feel sexual desire toward people of a particular gender

Answer 15

sexual orientation or identity

Question 16

sexual attraction toward members of the other gender

Answer 16

heterosexuality

Question 17

sexual attraction toward members of one’s own gender

Answer 17

homosexuality

Question 18

sexual attraction toward members of both genders

Answer 18

bisexuality

Question 19

the lack of sexual attraction of any kind; no interest in or desire for sex

Answer 19

asexuality

Question 20

social theory about gender and sexual identity; emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories

Answer 20

queer theory

Question 21

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer

Answer 21

LGBTQ

Question 22

the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through agents of socialization

Answer 22

gender role socialization

Question 23

the belief that heterosexuality is and should be the norm

Answer 23

heteronormativity

Question 24

the process of learning behaviors and meanings through social interaction

Answer 24

social learning

Question 25

a set of beliefs, norms, and values that normalizes sexual violence against women

Answer 25

rape culture

Question 26

literally meaning “rule of the father”; a male-dominated society

Answer 26

patriarchy

Question 27

the belief that one sex, usually male, is superior to the other

Answer 27

sexism

Question 28

an ingrained prejudice against women; dislike, contempt, or hatred of women

Answer 28

misogyny

Question 29

fear of or discrimination toward gay, lesbian, and bisexual people

Answer 29

homophobia

Question 30

fear of or discrimination toward transgender or other gender-nonconforming people

Answer 30

transphobia

Question 31

belief in the superiority of heterosexuality and heterosexuals

Answer 31

heterosexism

Question 32

belief in the superiority of cisgender persons and identities

Answer 32

cisgenderism