SOCIOLOGY CH. 15 PT. 2 Flashcards
a derogatory term for the expansion of urban or suburban boundaries, associated with irresponsible or poorly planned development
urban sprawl
centers of employment and commerce that began as suburban commuter communities
edge cities
term for economic and urban planning policies that emphasize responsible development and renewal
smart growth
movement of upper- and middle-class whites who could afford to leave the cities for the suburbs, especially in the 1950s and 1960s
white flight
efforts to rejuvenate decaying inner cities, including renovation, selective demolition, commercial development, and tax incentives
urban renewal
transformation of the physical, social, economic, and cultural life of formerly working-class or poor inner-city neighborhoods into more affluent middle-class communities
gentrification
literally “no place”; an ideal society in which all social ills have been overcome
utopia
opposite of a utopia; a world where social problems are magnified and the quality of life is extremely low
dystopia
a social situation that emphasizes individualism over collective or group identities
social atomization
people who live in cities
urbanites
decreasing importance of social ties and community and the corresponding increase in impersonal associations and instrumental logic
alienation
unselfish concern for the well-being of others and helping behaviors performed without self-interested motivation
altruism
the social dynamic wherein the more people who are present in a moment of crisis, the less likely any one of them is to take action
Bystander Effect or Diffusion of Responsibility
a process in which members of a group individually conclude that there is no need to take action because they see that other group members have not done so
pluralistic ignorance
a group of people living in the same local area who share a sense of participation, belonging, and fellowship
community
an unspoken rule governing interactions in public places, whereby individuals briefly notice others before ignoring them
civil inattention
in sociology, the natural world, the human-made environment, and the interaction between the two
environment
resources that replenish at a rate comparable to the rate at which they are consumed
renewable resources
finite resources that can become exhausted; includes those that take so long to replenish as to be effectively finite
nonrenewable resources
the variety of species of plants and animals existing at any given time
biodiversity
any environmental contaminant that harms living beings
pollution
