GEOGRAPHY REVIEW 1 pt.2

Question 1

Population Geography

Answer 1

-the scientific study of
population characteristics
- the study of spatial
variations among
populations &population-
environment interaction

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

the statistical study of
populations

Question 3

Population Distribution

Answer 3

arrangement of people on Earth’s surface

Question 4

Population Density

Answer 4

number of humans living within an area; measurement of population per unit area

Question 5

Arithmetic Density

Answer 5

The number of people per unit area of land. = divide pop. by total land area

Question 6

Physiological Density

Answer 6

The number of people per
unit area of arable (land suited for
agriculture) land. = divide pop. by
total area of arable land

Question 7

Agricultural density

Answer 7

ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Question 8

Fertility: Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 8

number of live births in a year per 1,000 people: example -> for every 1,000 people in a country, 15 babies were born

Question 9

Fertility: Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 9

average number of children born to a woman of child bearing age (15 to 49)

Question 10

Mortality: Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 10

number of deaths per year per 1,000 live people

Question 11

Life Expectancy

Answer 11

average length of time a person is expected
to live given current social, economic, &medical conditions

Question 12

Infant mortality rate

Answer 12

annual # of deaths of infants
under one year of age per 1,000 live births

Question 13

Pro-natalist

Answer 13

promotes the increase in birth rate/fertility rate of an area

Question 14

Anti-natalist

Answer 14

policy of gov. to slow down the population growth by attempting to limit # of births

Question 15

China one child policy

Answer 15

Only able to have one child, if more than one child is born then Face Consequences

Question 16

Population pyramid

Answer 16

bar graph that shows the age &gender composition of a population

Question 17

Dependency Ratio

Answer 17

number of people who are too
young or too old to work

Question 18

Sex Ratio

Answer 18

The proportion of males to females in a
population

Question 19

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

Answer 19

the percentage by which population grows in a year; subtract death rate from birth rate & convert to a percentage

Question 20

Demographic Transition Model

Answer 20

Describes a common demographic shift from high birth &death rates to low birth & death rates over time

Question 21

Stage 1: Low Growth

Answer 21

• Hunting &
  gathering
• Most of human
  history spent
  during this stage.
• CBR &CDR both
  high = NIR is
  essentially zero.
• There is no
  country still in
  stage 1.

Question 22

Stage 2: High Growth

Answer 22

• CDR plummets while
  the CBR remains the
  same as in stage 1.
• Brought about by
  the Industrial
  Revolution.
• GB, Europe, U.S.
• Allowed to spread to
  LDCs (20th century)
• Medical tech.
• =Very high NIR

Question 23

Stage 3: Moderate Growth

Answer 23

• Brought about by
  cultural changes.
• Characterized by a
  sudden drop in the
  CBR.
• CDR drops but
  at a slower rate
  3* There is still growth
  but not as fast as in
  Stage 2. = moderate
  NIR

Question 24

Stage 4: Declining Growth

Answer 24

• The CBR = CDR
• Brought about by an
  aging population,
  education, & family
  planning
• Zero Population
  Growth
• Low TFR

Question 25

Medical Geography

Answer 25

Sub-discipline of human geography
* Health: closely related to location &environment
* outbreak of a particular disease occurs -> source &diffusion
(patterns) studied
* = epidemiology: study of the diffusion of disease
* Spatial aspects of disease &health

Question 26

Infectious Diseases (VECTORED)

Answer 26

Disease is spread by a vector
(e.g., mosquito, tick, fleas)

Question 27

Infectious Diseases(NON-VECTORED)

Answer 27

Transmission: person to person
* Ex. HIV/AIDS, Influenza,
Common Cold

Question 28

Chronic Diseases

Answer 28

• Cannot be spread by people
• Influenced by: genetics,
  environmental, & life-style
  factors
• Examples: cancer, heart
  disease

Question 29

Spatial extent disease(epidemic)

Answer 29

An outbreak of an infectious disease affecting a large # of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time

Question 30

Spatial extent disease(pandemic)

Answer 30

An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (multiple countries & regions of the world) and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population

Question 31

Population Ecology

Answer 31

examines impacts of population
on their environments &the ways in
which environmental conditions affect
people &their livelihoods

Question 32

Malthusian Checks(Positive checks)

Answer 32

famine, war, disease, mortality =
<population

Question 33

Malthusian Checks(Preventive checks)

Answer 33

postponing marriage, family planning, abstinence

Question 34

Neo-Malthusian Theory

Answer 34

Earth’s resources are limited = carrying
capacity
* Overpopulation = food
supply outstripped
* &loss of biodiversity,
environmental

Question 35

Critics: Cornucopian Theory

Answer 35

*Human ingenuity
generates adaptive
strategies that lead to
human well-being
* More people = stimulate
economic growth
&prosperity
* Rejects carrying capacity