Urology (TESTICULAR DISORDER) Flashcards
Undescended testes is more common at which side
It is more common on right side, because descent occurs later on the right side
What is cryptorchidism?
Testis is arrested bilaterally along normal path of descent (right >left)
Most common site for cryptorchidism is?
Inguinal canal
Right and left testicular rain drains into
Right testicular vein drains into IVC and left testicular vein drains into left renal vein
Spontaneous decent of testees can occur during which age
4 to 5 months
What is the investigation of choice for the intra-abdominal testis?
Diagnostic laparoscopy 
Name the three techniques of orchidopexy
Stephen fowler technique
Keetley Torek procedure
silbar procedure
What is the most common complication of orchidopexy?
Indirect, inguinal hernia
On doppler with sign is seen in torsion of cyst of morgagni
Blue dot sign
High investment of Tunica vaginalis which is the most common predisposing factor of torsion of testes is known as
Bell clapper, testes
What are the three signs to differentiate torsion and epididymo orchitis
Prehan sign,
Deming sign
Angel sign
Most common organism in epididymo orchitis for age less then 40 year is
Chlamydia
Most common organism in epididymo orchitis for age greater than 40 to 45 year is
E. coli (secondary to UTI)
What is hydrocele?
Fluid accumulation in Tunica vaginalis
What is the most common type of hydrocele?
Vaginal hydrocele
Name the four types of hydrocele
Vaginal hydrocele
infantile hydrocele
congenital hydrocele
hydrocele of the cord
MCC OF secondary vaginal hydrocele
Epididymo orchitis
Which sign is positive in a hydrocele
Fluctuations sign
Which surgery is done for large hydrocele?
Jaboulay’s procedure :eversion of the sac
What is the most common procedure done for the hydrocele?
Jaboulay’s procedure
Which surgery is done for small hydrocele
Lord’s plication
Chinese lantern pattern (transilllumination) crystal clear fluid is seen in ?
Epididymal cyst
In a vaginal hydrocele if it’s possible to get above the, swelling what does it indicate?
It is a scrotal swelling
What is vericocele
Dilated tortuous, pampiniform plexus of veins (LEFT»_space;RIGHT)
Bag of worms appearance is seen in
Varicoele
In hydrocele surgery retroperitoneal route approach is known as
Palmo’s procedure (high ligation of veins)
What is Fournier’s gangrene
Necrotizing fasciitis involving the perineal region
It is synergistic gangrene (aerobic + anaerobic)
If fourneir’s gangrene extend to abdominal wall it is known as
Meleney’s gangrene
What is the most common testicular tumor overall?
Seminomatous germ cell tumor
What is the most common testicular tumor in children?
yolk, sac, tumors
What is the most common testicular tumor in elders?
Lymphomas
What is the most common bilateral testicular tumor?
Lymphomas
What is the most common clinical presentation of testicular tumor?
Painless, testicular mass
What is Hurricane tumor
It is very aggressive choriocarcinoma
Median survival period: 6 months
It’s grow so quickly that it out grow it’s blood supply
Mets to other organ
Which testicular tumor is present with the feature of feminization
Sertoli cell tumor
Which tumor is present with the feature of masculinization
Leydig cell tumor(gynaecomastia)
Translate scrotal biopsy/FNAC is not done in testicular cancer, because
There’s a chance of risk to upstaging the tumor
Which manoeuvre is done in suspected case of testicular tumor
Chevassu Manoeuvre
Tumor markers of testicular cancer are
 Beta hCG
LDH
AFP
What value is never raised in pure seminomatous tumor
AFP
Inhibin is raised in which tumor
Leydig/sertoli cell tumor
In seminomas which lab value raised ?
Placental ALP
HPE of non seminimatous germ cell tumor shows
Schiller-duval bodies
Seminomatous tumours are highly _____ and Non Seminomatous tumours are highly ______
Radiosensitive
Chemosensitive
BEP regime of chemotherapy includes
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Cisplatin
Signs of tubercular epididymo orchitis
Beaded vas
Firm enlargement of the epididymis
Which tumor contains both germ, cell and sex code Stromal elements
Gonadoblastoma
AFP is never raised in
Pure seminomas and Pure choriocarcinoma
What is the most common site for ectopic testis?
Superficial inguinal pouch
RF for developing testicular carcinoma
Undescended testis
Klinfleltor syndrome
H/o c/l testicular tumor
Shale oil expose
Left sided testicular tumor metastasis to which lymph nodes?
Left para-aortic nodes
Right sided testicular tumor metastasis to which lymph nodes?
Interaortocaval nodes
Ideal timing to do orchidoexy
6-12 months
Primary vaginal Hydrocele?
Defective Absorption of Fluid ;
Tense swelling ;
Testis is not palpable
Clear fluid (Transilluminant)
Sexondary varicocele is seen in
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
