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Urology (prostate) Flashcards

1
Q

Which Zone is most commonly affected in BPH

A

Transitional zone

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2
Q

Which zone is most commonly affected by cancer ?

A

Peripheral zone

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3
Q

Most common compositions of prostatic calculi ?

A

CaPO4 (calcium phosphate)

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4
Q

What is corpora amylacea?

A

They are lamellated bodies found in prostatic tissue and to thought to be precursor for prostatic stones

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5
Q

Most common organism responsible for acute bacterial prostatitis

A

E.Coli

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6
Q

PSA VALUES are not affected by……

A

DRE

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7
Q

What is removed in TURP

A

Central, Transitional and majority of the peripheral zone is removed leaving behind a portion of peripheral zone hence patient can still develop prostate cancer even after TURP from the remaining peripheral zone.

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8
Q

Nerve bundles, which are responsible for erection lies

A

Posterolateral to the capsule

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9
Q

Most common complication following TURP

A

Retrograde ejaculation

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10
Q

How does retrograde ejaculation patient presents with

A

No semen during intercourse however, semen comes out later in  urine

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11
Q

To prevent the incontinence during TURP, what should we do?

A

Veru montanum (bulge in prostatic urethra) is taken, as the distal limit of TURP

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12
Q

Why should prostatic massage is avoided in patient with prostatitis?

A

As it can lead to septicemia

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13
Q

Prostatodynia (dull perineal of pelvic pain) is a symptom of

A

Chronic prostatitis

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14
Q

Diagnosis of chronic prostatitis is made by

A

Three tube test (standard Meares and Stamey test)

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15
Q

If chronic prostatitis is because of chlamydia, which drug is used

A

Doxycycline

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16
Q

If chronic prostatitis is because of trichomonas , which drug is used

A

Metronidazole

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17
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Pass urine before reaching toilet

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18
Q

What is a enuresis

A

Nocturnal incontinence

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19
Q

Chronic retention of urine is said when ____ of residual uterine is present

A

250 CC

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20
Q

What is the first step in Management of Chronic retention of urine

A

Urgent catheterization

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21
Q

If PSA value is >3-4 ng/ml what should we do to differentiate BPH and Cancer

A

TRUS guided Trucut biopsy

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22
Q

Transperineal biopsy is done from which zone of the prostate

A

Anterior zone

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23
Q

Transrectal biopsy is done from which zone of the prostate

A

Posterior lobe (IOC)

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24
Q

Uroflometry and bladder pressure is used to differentiate between

A

Bladder obstruction and Neurogenic bladder

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25
In BOO/BPH bladder pressure and urine flow rate are
Increased bladder pressure Decreased flow rate
26
Urine flow rate and bladder pressure in neurogenic bladder are
Very low bladder pressure and decrease flow rate
27
What is Marion’s disease / Prostatism sans prostate
It is due to hypertrophy of internal sphincter seen in young patients with clinical features of LUTS but prostate is Normal
28
What are the two components of BPH
STATIC : Testosterone —> DHT DYNAMIC: mediated by α 1a receptor
29
Which drugs used in medical management of BPH
Alpha 1a blocker (Tamsulosin , Alfuzolin) and 5 α reductase inhibior (Finasteride,Dutasteride)
30
Alpha one blocker acts on on which component
Dynamic component
31
Five alpha reductase, inhibitor acts on which component
Static component
32
Which fluid are associated with increased incidence of TURP syndrome
Hypotonic fluid
33
What is the most common complication of TURP?
Hemorrhage
34
What is the most common vessels bleed during TURP ?
Badenoch’s artery
35
Badenoch’s artery arising from
Inferior vesicle artery (5 and 7 o’clock position)
36
TURP syndrome Is AKA
Water intoxication / dilutional, hyponatremia
37
What is the management of TURP syndrome?
If sodium is <120 mEq/L , then it is severe hyponatremia, (3% hypertonic saline infusion gradually), if sodium is >120 mEq/L : fluid restriction
38
If more than 500 cc of glycemic gets absorbed, it can increase risk of
MI
39
Retropubic approach is also known as
Millin’s approach
40
Most common gene responsible for prostate, cancer is
GSTP-1 gene
41
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Increasing age 90% chance if 90 years increase in testosterone African-American BRCA2 > BRCA1 obesity
42
What is the IOC for prostate cancer?
TRUS guided trucut biopsy
43
MC vertebral spread in Prostate cancer
Lumbar vertebrae
44
Bone scan should be done in prostate cancer if
Osteoblastic > Osteolytic FPS > 10 ng/ML Gleason’s score >/= 7 if symptomatic
45
Prostate cancer is an
Heterogeneous adenocarcinoma
46
In nerve preserving, RALP surgeries, which never is preserved, and why
Cavernous nerve because it is Responsible for erection
47
Name some of the anti-androgens drug
Flutamide Enzulatamide Abiraterone
48
Tumor marker for prostate cancer
PSA
49
A patient is planned for TRUS guided TRUcut biopsy OF prostate for suspected prostate cancer . how many cores should be taken while performing the procedure?
12
50
When should we carry out biopsy?
If PSA value is >3 with symptoms of had prostate 
51
If that is BPH how the prostate will feel on DRE
Firm rubbery mucosa
52
What is the normal value of PSA
0-3 ng/ml
53
What happens if we do rapid correction of sodium
Central Pontine demyelinosis central Pontine myelinolysis
54
Most important prognostic factors for prostate cancer is
Stage of the disease
55
What are the storage symptoms?
Urgency enuresis frequency
56
What is the distal most border of the reception in TURP?
Verumontanum
57
What is the proximal limit of reception in TURP?
Bladder neck
58
What is the mechanism of retrograde ejaculation?
Description of the bladder leak
59
Which vaccine is used in the treatment of prostate cancer
Sipuleucel-T
60
Which laser is used in the laser in the enucleation of prostate
Ho-YAG laser

Surgery (30 decks)

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