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Surgery > Thorax And Mediastiunum > Flashcards

Thorax And Mediastiunum Flashcards

1
Q

Post aspiration, lung abscesses are common in

A

Posterior part of the upper lobe of the right lung
Superior part of the lower lobe of the right lung 

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2
Q

Which score is used to assess the morbidity and mortality after thoracic surgery

A

Thoraco score

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3
Q

What is the rule of thumb?

A

If patient has first episode of spontaneous pneumothorax, there is 1/3rd chance of recurrence,
second episode 50% will develop pneumothorax 
third episode 100% will develop pneumothorax

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4
Q

What is the surgical option in pneumothorax?

A

VATS

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5
Q

What is pleurodesis?

A

A medical procedure, that uses chemicals or drugs to cause inflammation and adhesion between the layers of pleura
 this prevents the buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity


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6
Q

What are the three phases of empyema?

A

Exudative phase
Fibropurulent phase
organized phase -surgical intervention VATS> open

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7
Q

Maximum cancer related mortality in both males and females are seen in

A

Lung cancer

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8
Q

Describe features of SVC syndrome due to lung cancer

A

Facial and cerebral edema, hypertension, restlessness

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9
Q

Management of small cell lung cancer

A

Chemotherapy

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10
Q

Management of non-small cell lung cancer

A

, radiotherapy TOC and steroids

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11
Q

HPE of lung cancer 

A

Azzopardi effect and salt and pepper chromatin

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12
Q

What are the Immunohisto chemical marker of lung cancer

A

NCAM & Chromogranin

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13
Q

MC cancer associated with smoking is

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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14
Q

MC cancer gives rise to Pancoast tumor

A

SCC of lung

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15
Q

Symptoms of horner’s syndrome

A

Ptosis , Miosis , anhidrosis , enophthalnus

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16
Q

HPE Of horner syndrome

A

keratin perls

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17
Q

Immunohistochemistry of horner’s syndrome

A

Cytokeratin peals
P40 (new marker )

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18
Q

Marker of adenocarcinoma of lung is

A

Napsin4

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19
Q

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma k/a adenocarcinoma in situ is

A

Lepidic Pattern of growth (grows along bronchoalveolar lining) —> multifocal And can involve other lung .

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20
Q

What are 3 types bronchoalveolar carcinoma k/a adenocarcinoma in situ

A

Lepidic pattern of growth (grows along bronchoalveolar lining) — multifocal and can involve other lung. Non metastatic — resectsble

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21
Q

In bronchoplastic resection which resection is done

A

Sleeve

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22
Q

MC done thoracotomy is

A

Posterolateral thoracotomy

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23
Q

MC benign tumor of lung

A

Hamartoma

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24
Q

X ray identification of hamartoma includes

A

Coin shaped/ popcorn calcification

25
Q

MC overall mediastinal tumor

A

Thymoma( ant mediastinum)

26
Q

Which staging system is used for thymoma

A

Masaoka staging system

27
Q

Which lymphoma most commonly seen in anterior mediastinum

A

Terrible lymphoma

28
Q

MC middle mediastinal mass

A

Pericardial cyst

29
Q

MC posterior mediastinal mass ; MC mediastinal mass seen in children is

A

Neurogenic tumor

30
Q

MC site for extra gonadal GCT is

A

Anterior Mediastinum

31
Q

Which markers elevated in malignant GCT

A

αFP , βHCG , LDH

32
Q

Massive hemoptysis is defined as expectoration of more than how much ml blood in 24 hours

A

600 ml

33
Q

Coronary graft is most commonly taken from

A

Saphenous vein
Exception ; for LAD artery , LIMA graft is used

34
Q

Post surgery, which are the two predictors for dyspnea following lung surgery

A

FEVI (forced expiratory volume in one second) 
DIFFUSION CAPACITY

35
Q

Which kind of pneumothorax is well-tolerated

A

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

36
Q

Management of pneumothorax in asymptomatic patient

A

It is a self limiting condition

37
Q

What to do if symptomatic patient is present with primary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Aspiration of the pneumothorax

38
Q

Management of a patient presents with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Aspiration, if condition does not improve Chester tube insertion in the triangle of safety

39
Q

Boundaries of the triangle of safety

A

Anteriorly ; anterior axillary fold formed by the pectoralis major
posteriorly ; posterior axillary fold formed by the latissimus dorsi
base ; fifth intercostal space
apex ; is present in axilla

40
Q

Small cell lung cancer is also known as

A

Oat cell

41
Q

CF off SVC syndrome

A

Facial and cerebral edema, hypertension and breathlessness is also seen

42
Q

In non-small cell lung cancer there is released off

A

PTH, related peptide, leading to hypercalcemia of malignancy 

43
Q

Which tumor is radiosensitive

A

SCC

44
Q

What is the most common feature of lung cancer?

A

Cough

45
Q

Most common cancer, which metastasizes to the brain

A

Lung cancer

46
Q

SCC responds well to……& small cell lung cancer respond well to

A

SCC ; Radiotherapy
Small cell lung cancer; Chemotherapy

47
Q

Pathology of superior mediastinum

A

 Lymphoma
parasternal, goiter
parathyroid adenomas

48
Q

Pathology of anterior mediastinum

A

Thymoma : MC mediastinal tumor
Lymphoma
Mediastinal germ cell tumor like teratoma

49
Q

Pathology of middle mediastinum

A

It is the most common site of lymphoma in the mediastinum
Cystic lesion (mc) ; pericardial cyst(mc)
Lymphomas
Mesenchymal tumors

50
Q

Pathology of posterior mediastinum

A

Neurogenic tumors (most common in posterior mediastinum)are the most common mediastinum tumor in children
cystic lesion

51
Q

Thymoma associated with which disease

A

Myasthenia gravis

52
Q

Which surgery help in myasthenia gravis patient disease control

A

Thymectomy

53
Q

Thymectomy is performed by which route

A

Small lesion transcervical route
large lesion, thoracotomy route

54
Q

What is sequestration of the lung tissue?

A

A portion of language receives its blood supply from an aberrant blood vessel arising from the thoracic aorta

55
Q

Features of intralobar sequestration

A

Left = right
Most common in lower lobe
Blood supply ; descending aorta

56
Q

Extralobar sequestration

A

Left >right

57
Q

Most common tumor of middle mediastinum

A

Lymphoma

58
Q

Lymphoma mice commonly occurs in

A

Anterior mediastinum

59
Q

Most common Mass of middle mediastinum

A

Pericardial cyst

Surgery (30 decks)

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