Neurosurgery Flashcards
In spina bifida aperta, there is defect in the
Posterior vertebral arch
Which drug increases the incidence of meningomyelocele (spina bifida aperta)
Trimethoprim, valproate and phenobarbital 
What is the difference between chiari -I and Chiari-II malformation?
In chiari -I malformation there is a displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the cervical canal(>5mm) in an adult.
In chiari - II malformation there is dislocation of inferior vermis , medulla, and fourth ventricle into cervical canal in infancy
What is dandy walker malformation?
Most common posterior fossa malformation that is marked a cystic dilation of fourth ventricle 
What is the most common site for the berry aneurysms?
At the junction of the anterior, communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery
The most common intracranial aneurysm is
Berry aneurysms
Most common site of rupture for Barry aneurysm is
Apex
Worst headache of life with sudden onset (thunderclap headache )seen in
SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
CSF tape in subarachnoid hemorrhage shows what
Xanthochromia
In SAH, which drug is given for delayed ischemic neurological to face
Nimodipine
Ring enhancing lesion on MRI is seen in
Brain abscess
Terson Syndrome =
SAH + vitreous hemorrhage
Uncal herniation is seen in
Temporal lesion
what is Kernohan’s notch phenomena?
Due to ankle herniation, there is compression of contralateral Kernohan’s notch(motor tract)
What is the most common primary brain tumor?
Glioma > meningioma
What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in children?
Medulloblastoma (Highly radiosensitive)
What is the most common secondary brain tumor?
Metastasis
Most common cancer metastasizing to cerebellum /cerebrum
Lung cancer
Most common cancer metastasize into leptomeninges
Breast cancer
Most common site in brain parenchyma are
Cerebral > cerebellum,
Gray white matter junction
What are the four grades of astrocytoma?
I- Pilocytic astrocytoma
II- low grade (fibrillary) astrocytoma
III-anaplastic, astrocytoma
IV- glioblastoma multiforme 
Most common astrocytoma seen in children is
Pilocytic astrocytoma(seen in
posterior fossa)
Which gene mutation in low-grade astrocytoma lead to the progression to higher grade ?
P16/CDKN2A
Butterfly shaped tumor is
Glioblastoma multiforme
Which chromosome mutation is seen in oligodendroglioma?
Chromosome 19q>1p
Most common calcification order of brain tumor on MRI is
Craniopharyngioma > oligodendroglioma > meningioma
Histopathologic examination of oligodendroglioma is
Fried egg appearance of cells
chicken wire vascularity
What is the most common type of ependymoma
Myxopapillary ependymoma(filum terminale)
On MRI, which sign is present in meningioma
Dural tail sign
HPE of meningioma
Whorled Patton
psammoma bodies
Which do you want is associated with Turcot syndrome, (a variant of FAP)
Medulloblastoma
Most commonly involved nerve in acoustic neuroma is
Inferior vestibular nerve > superior vestibular nerve
Benign legion derived from the rathke’s pouch is seen in
Craniopharyngioma 
What is the most common pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinoma
What is the most common spinal tumor?
Metastasis
What is the most common primary spinal tumor?
Nerve  sheath tumor
What is the most common intramedullary tumor?
Astrocytoma
