Neurosurgery

Question 1

In spina bifida aperta, there is defect in the

Answer 1

Posterior vertebral arch

Question 2

Which drug increases the incidence of meningomyelocele (spina bifida aperta)

Answer 2

Trimethoprim, valproate and phenobarbital 

Question 3

What is the difference between chiari -I and Chiari-II malformation?

Answer 3

In chiari -I malformation there is a displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the cervical canal(>5mm) in an adult.
In chiari - II malformation there is dislocation of inferior vermis , medulla, and fourth ventricle into cervical canal in infancy

Question 4

What is dandy walker malformation?

Answer 4

Most common posterior fossa malformation that is marked a cystic dilation of fourth ventricle 

Question 5

What is the most common site for the berry aneurysms?

Answer 5

At the junction of the anterior, communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery

Question 6

The most common intracranial aneurysm is

Answer 6

Berry aneurysms

Question 7

Most common site of rupture for Barry aneurysm is

Answer 7

Apex

Question 8

Worst headache of life with sudden onset (thunderclap headache )seen in

Answer 8

SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Question 9

CSF tape in subarachnoid hemorrhage shows what

Answer 9

Xanthochromia

Question 10

In SAH, which drug is given for delayed ischemic neurological to face

Answer 10

Nimodipine

Question 11

Ring enhancing lesion on MRI is seen in

Answer 11

Brain abscess

Question 12

Terson Syndrome =

Answer 12

SAH + vitreous hemorrhage

Question 13

Uncal herniation is seen in

Answer 13

Temporal lesion

Question 14

what is Kernohan’s notch phenomena?

Answer 14

Due to ankle herniation, there is compression of contralateral Kernohan’s notch(motor tract)

Question 15

What is the most common primary brain tumor?

Answer 15

Glioma > meningioma

Question 16

What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in children?

Answer 16

Medulloblastoma (Highly radiosensitive)

Question 17

What is the most common secondary brain tumor?

Answer 17

Metastasis

Question 18

Most common cancer metastasizing to cerebellum /cerebrum

Answer 18

Lung cancer

Question 19

Most common cancer metastasize into leptomeninges

Answer 19

Breast cancer

Question 20

Most common site in brain parenchyma are

Answer 20

Cerebral > cerebellum,
Gray white matter junction

Question 21

What are the four grades of astrocytoma?

Answer 21

I- Pilocytic astrocytoma
II- low grade (fibrillary) astrocytoma
III-anaplastic, astrocytoma
IV- glioblastoma multiforme 

Question 22

Most common astrocytoma seen in children is

Answer 22

Pilocytic astrocytoma(seen in
posterior fossa)

Question 23

Which gene mutation in low-grade astrocytoma lead to the progression to higher grade ?

Answer 23

P16/CDKN2A

Question 24

Butterfly shaped tumor is

Answer 24

Glioblastoma multiforme

Question 25

Which chromosome mutation is seen in oligodendroglioma?

Answer 25

Chromosome 19q>1p

Question 26

Most common calcification order of brain tumor on MRI is

Answer 26

Craniopharyngioma > oligodendroglioma > meningioma

Question 27

Histopathologic examination of oligodendroglioma is

Answer 27

Fried egg appearance of cells
chicken wire vascularity

Question 28

What is the most common type of ependymoma

Answer 28

Myxopapillary ependymoma(filum terminale)

Question 29

On MRI, which sign is present in meningioma

Answer 29

Dural tail sign

Question 30

HPE of meningioma

Answer 30

Whorled Patton
psammoma bodies

Question 31

Which do you want is associated with Turcot syndrome, (a variant of FAP)

Answer 31

Medulloblastoma

Question 32

Most commonly involved nerve in acoustic neuroma is

Answer 32

Inferior vestibular nerve > superior vestibular nerve

Question 33

Benign legion derived from the rathke’s pouch is seen in

Answer 33

Craniopharyngioma 

Question 34

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

Answer 34

Prolactinoma

Question 35

What is the most common spinal tumor?

Answer 35

Metastasis

Question 36

What is the most common primary spinal tumor?

Answer 36

Nerve  sheath tumor

Question 37

What is the most common intramedullary tumor?

Answer 37

Astrocytoma