Urology( Bladder) Flashcards
IOC in bladder trauma in stable patient
CT urography / CT cystogram
If not mention consider stable
IOC in bladder trauma patient in unstable patient
Cystogram
Which genes responsible for bladder cancer
NAT 2 & GSTMI (Mu gene)
mc bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinoma
Urinary marker for bladder CA is
Nuclear matrix protein (NMP) 22
Which biopsy is used to determine the depth of invasion
Cold cup biopsy
First lymph node to drain
Obturator Lymph node
Chemotherapy regime for bladder cancer is
M-VAC
Methotrexate
Vinblastin
Adriamycin
Cisplatin
What is the most common non continent urinary diversion
Ileal conduit
Complications of uterosigmoid anastomosis
UTI
Hyperchloremic , Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
100 times high risk of adenocarcinoma
Most IMP prognostic factor in bladder CA
Depth of invasion (T stage)
Medical management for Hunner’s ulcer / interstitial cystitis
dimethylsulfoxide
Hydrostatic distension
Bladder diverticular can be divided into
Congenital and pulsion
What are the risk factors for TCC?
3Cs
Cyclophosphamide
Chemicals (aniline dye)
Cigarette smoking
What is cystoscopy ?
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope