Trauma (basics) Flashcards
Which Information should obtain from driver / Responder at the trauma scene
MIST
Mechanism
Injuries
Sign and Symptoms
Treatment given
Which Information should obtain from Patient at the trauma scene
AMPLE
Allergies
Medical Condition
Past history
Last meal
Event leading to trauma
Which position is used to prevent aspiration
Prone Position
Cervical / Philadelphia collar is used for
Used for minimal immobilization
Supports cervical Spine
What is golden hour in trauma
1st hour following trauma
What is platinum minutes
1st 10 minutes following trauma
Internationally accepted for color-coded system used as a triage in trauma
Red - Emergency
Yellow - medium priority
Green - ambulatory patient
Black - dead or morbid
In hospital for trauma patients which protocol is followed
ABCD
BLS , ACLS follows CAB protocol
In field setting (site of accident / war) which protocol is follow
cABCD
control of exsanguinating haemorrhage
What is the tertiary survey in trauma management
NEXUS criteria
Nasotracheal intubation is c/i in
Anterior skull base fracture
What is the emergency management if orotracheal intibation is not possible ?
Needle Cricothyroidotomy
What is the definitive management if orotracheal intibation is not possible ?
Tracheostomy
In Needle Cricothyroidotomy high flow oxygen rate is given at rate of
15 liters/min
Surgical cricothyroidotomy is avoided in which patients and why
<12 years ; due to risk of subglottic stenosis
How many IV lines should be inserted to provide adequate circulation in trauma patient
2 large bore IV lines
18G needle
Emergency management in patient if unable to insert IV line
Venous cut down - Great saphenous vein
Intraosseous insertion
Definitive management in patient if unable to insert IV line
Central Line insertion
What is the role of tranexamic acid in CRASH-2- trial of trauma patient
Significantly reduce mortality in adult trauma patient
What is the dose of tranexamic acid
1g over first 10 minutes followed by 1g over 8 hours
REBOA is useful for
Trauma patient that are decompensating
REBOA is introduced through
Common femoral artery to reach up till the aorta and inflate the basin
Damage control resuscitation includes
- Early hemorrhage control
- Control permissive hypotension
- Limit crystalloid infusion (It prevents Dilution coagulopathy )
- 1:1:1 product ratios
What to do if there are two motor response present in question
Best motor response should be taken into consideration
What is log roll in trauma patient
Is used to examine back of a trauma patient. Require minimum 4 people.
What is ISS
Injury severity score
Maximum:75
RTS involves
GCS
SBP
RR
Triss includes
Revised trauma score
Mechanism of injury
Age of patient
Mess includes
Type of injury
Shock present or absent
Ischemia
Age
Score : <6 = salvageable limb
>=7 Amputation
What is triage used for
To classify priority of treatment
How much GCS is described as compromised airway
8 or less than 8
What is judicious fluid therapy
1Lt of fluid instead of 2Lt
Hypotension in acute spinal injury is due to
Loss of sympathetic tone
What is NEXUS Criteria
There are five criteria included under NEXUS. If a trauma patient meets all five criteria, then no radiography is required and the cervical c-spine collar may be removed. However, if any one of the criteria is met then radiography is done to evaluate further.
NEXUS criteria includes
- No posterior midline cervical spinal tenderness
- No evidence of intoxication
- A normal level of alertness
- No focal neurologic deficit
- No painful distracting injuries
In superficial neck injury, there is a sudden death due to
Air embolism through the external jugular vein
